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Winter Hill air disaster
	A Bristol Freighter Mark 21 of Silver City Airways at Manchester Airport
Accident
Date	27 February 1958
Summary	Controlled flight into terrain
Site	Winter Hill, England; 53°37′44″N 2°30′47″W / 53.629°N 2.513°W
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Bristol Type 170 Freighter
Operator	Manx Airlines
Registration	G-AICS
Flight origin	Ronaldsway Airport
Destination	Manchester Airport
Occupants	42
Passengers	39
Crew	3
Fatalities	35
Injuries	7
Survivors	7

The Winter Hill air disaster occurred on 27 February 1958, when the Silver City Airways Bristol 170 Freighter G-AICS, operated by Manx Airlines on a charter flight from the Isle of Man to Manchester, England, crashed during heavy snow into Winter Hill (also known as Rivington Moor), 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Chorley. Thirty-five people died and seven were injured; the cause was determined to be navigational errors.

Background

The flight was a charter flight from Ronaldsway Airport, Ballasalla, on the Isle of Man, to Manchester Ringway Airport, operated by Manx Airlines with the Silver City Airways Bristol 170 Freighter G-AICS, call sign "Charlie Sierra".^[1]^[2] It was flying a group mostly consisting of people connected with the motor trade in the Isle of Man to visit the Manchester Exide Battery factory at Clifton Junction and the Manchester car show.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Crash

The aircraft took off from Ronaldsway Airport with a crew of three—captain, first officer and stewardess—and 39 passengers, bound initially for an aircraft reporting point at Squires Gate, near Blackpool. Take-off was delayed by repairs to navigation equipment, and as a result because of other air traffic in the Manchester area, as well as poor weather in England, the captain was ordered to maintain an altitude of 1,500 feet (460 m) rather than climbing to the normal 3,500 feet (1,100 m).^[2]^[6] After receiving clearance from air traffic control at Manchester Ringway, the flight continued inland to Wigan Beacon, a non-directional beacon in the Manchester Zone, which transmitted a recognition signal of "MYK" in Morse code on a frequency of 316 kHz and a range of c. 25 miles (40 km).^[1]^[4]

While the captain was briefly absent from the cockpit, the first officer erroneously tuned the radio compass to the frequency for Oldham Beacon instead of Wigan Beacon; visibility was extremely poor and the mistake was first noticed by Manchester Control, who at 9:44 AM ordered an immediate right turn.^[1]^[7] Shortly afterwards, the aircraft crashed near the summit of Winter Hill, several hundred yards from the Independent Television Authority's Winter Hill transmitting station.^[1]^[2]

The weather was so severe that none of the engineers working at the transmitting station were aware of it until a survivor came to summon help.^[5] Several feet of snow hampered rescue efforts, and a snow cat vehicle had to be diverted from the A6 to cut a path for emergency vehicles, though the track had been cleared by people using spades previously.^[6]

Passengers and crew

Thirty-five of the passengers were killed, one of whom died later from injuries. Seven people survived, including the three crew.^[7]^[8]^[9] As of February 2010^[update], it was the worst high-ground air crash in the United Kingdom and the 11th-worst for number killed since 1950.^[2]

Investigation

The probable cause of the accident was determined to have been the first officer's error tuning the radio compass, with the captain's failure to confirm the correct tuning as contributory cause.^[1]^[2]^[10] The inquiry also ascribed some blame to the air traffic controllers and to the design of the aircraft's cockpit, in which navigation displays were above and slightly behind the pilots' seats and therefore difficult to see.^[6]

Sources

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "The Winter Hill Air Disaster". Patrick Taylor.com. 27 February 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
^ "Winter Hill disaster: Air crash victims remembered". BBC News. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b Poole, Steve (1999). Rough Landing or Fatal Flight: A history of aircraft accidents on, or over and around the Isle of Man. Manx Heritage Foundation Amulree Publications. ISBN 1-901508-03-X.
^ ^a ^b "Survivors relive Winter Hill crash horror". The Bolton News. 30 December 2004. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lancashire's worst civilian air crash". Lancashire Evening Post. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
^ ^a ^b Wotherspoon, Nick; Clark, Alan; Sheldon, Mark (2014) [2009]. Aircraft Wrecks: The Walker's Guide: Historic Crash sites on the Moors and Mountains of the British Isles. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 9781781594735.
^ Clark, Alan. "Bristol 170 Freighter Mk.21E G-AICS". Crash Sites in the Pennines. Peak District Air Accident Research. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
^ "Winter Hill: Man recalls aftermath of 1958 air disaster". BBC News. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
^ ICAO Accident Digest, Circular 59-AN/54 (83–92)