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Willys Hurricane
Willys Hurricane
Overview
Manufacturer	Willys; Kaiser-Jeep; American Motors (AMC);
Also called	F-134; F-161; Mitsubishi JH4, KE31, KE36;
Production	1950–1971
Layout
Configuration	F-head Straight-4 and Straight-6
Cylinder block material	Cast Iron
Cylinder head material	Cast Iron
Valvetrain	IOE
Dimensions
Dry weight	470 lb (213 kg)
Chronology
Predecessor	Willys Go-Devil; Willys Lightning;
Successor	Jeep Tornado engine

The Willys F4-134 Hurricane was an inline-4 F-head piston engine that powered the M38A1 military Jeep in 1952, followed by the famous Jeep CJ in the CJ-3B, CJ-5, and CJ-6 models. It was also used in the Willys 473 and 475 pickups, wagons, and sedan deliveries. It replaced the Willys Go Devil engine that was used in the MB Jeep and other early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster. This engine was also built by Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, for other applications.

Design

The Hurricane was based on the earlier Go-Devil flathead engine. To enhance power from the engine, the induction system was changed from the Go-Devil's side-valve configuration to an inlet-over-exhaust configuration, or "F-head". This allowed the valves to be larger and the combustion chamber to be smaller, improving flow and increasing the compression ratio.^[2] The compression ratio rose from 6.5:1 in the Go-Devil engine to 7.5:1 in the Hurricane engine, although a version of the Hurricane engine was made with a 6.9:1 compression ratio.^[3]

F134

The L134 Go Devil was updated with the F-head to become the F134 in 1950.^[4]^[5] This engine produced a gross output of 75 hp (56 kW; 76 PS) at 4000 rpm and 114 lb⋅ft (155 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm with a 7.5:1 compression ratio. The gross power and torque outputs decreased to 72 hp (54 kW; 73 PS) and 112 lb⋅ft (152 N⋅m), respectively, when the engine had a 6.9:1 compression ratio. Bore and stroke dimensions were the same as the L-head engine at 3+1⁄8 x 4+3⁄8 inches, giving 134.2 cu in (2,199 cc).^[3]

The F4-134 was introduced in 1950 in the Jeep Truck.^[4] Willys vehicles with this engine were designated 4-73 model.^[6] This engine was unavailable in the CJ series until the introduction of the CJ-3B version in 1953, which had a distinctive high hood to accommodate the much taller engine.^[2] Production of this engine continued through 1971, which was after American Motors Corporation (AMC) purchased Kaiser Jeep in 1970.

Applications:

1950–1961 Willys Jeep Truck
1950–1961 Willys Jeep Wagon
1950 Willys-Overland Jeepster
1952–1971 Willys M38A1
1953 Willys 475A Lark
1953–1968 Willys CJ-3B
1955–1971 CJ-5
1956–1971 CJ-6
1965-1967 DJ-5
1966–1971 Jeepster Commando

F161

The F6-161 Hurricane is an F-head version of the L6-161 Lightning flathead straight six. It was available in the Model 685 Station Wagon.^[7]

BF-161 The BF-161 has a 3+1⁄8 inch bore and a 3+1⁄2 inch stroke, a one-barrel carburetor, and an output of 90 hp (67 kW; 91 PS) at 4400 rpm and 135 lb⋅ft (183 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm. Its 161.1 cu in (2,640 cc) displacement features a compression ratio of 7.6:1.^[8]

2600 The 2600 was the same BF-161 engine made in Brazil by Willys-Overland's subsidiary, but it had two one-barrel carburetors (simultaneously opened) and had an output of 130 hp (97 kW; 132 PS) at 4400 rpm and 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm. The compression ratio remained 7.6:1.^[8]

3000 The 3 L version is almost identical to the BF-161 engine, with the stroke increased to 4 inches (101.6 mm), giving it a displacement of 3,016.5 cc (184.1 cu in).^[8] With a two-barrel carburetor, it produced 140 hp (104 kW; 142 PS) at 4400 rpm and 161 lb⋅ft (218 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm. It also had a slightly higher compression ratio of 8:1.^[8] It initially used a different head with a removable intake manifold.

After Ford acquired Willys-Overland do Brasil, they reverted the engine to its former head design with an integral intake manifold. Ford also improved the cooling between cylinders 5 and 6 as well as incorporating a side-mounted oil filter instead of the front-mounted, hose-connected system designed by Willys.

Applications:

1951–1952 Willys Aero
1960–1971 Willys Aero 2600
1960-1974 Willys-Overland Jeep and Rural Willys
1968–1971 Willys Itamaraty 3000
1972-1974 Ford Maverick six-cylinder version in Brazil

Super Hurricane

The 6-226 "Super Hurricane"^[9] was an L-head 6-cylinder^[10]^[11] from Continental^[11] with a bore of 3+5⁄16 inches and stroke of 4+3⁄8 inches, giving a displacement of 226.2 cu in (3,707 cc).^[12] Horsepower rating is 105 hp (78 kW; 106 PS) at 3600 rpm or 115 hp (86 kW; 117 PS) at 3650 rpm,^[12] as well as a torque rating of 190 lb⋅ft (258 N⋅m) at 1400 rpm or at 1800 rpm,^[12] depending on the year of production.

Mitsubishi versions

Mitsubishi built a version of the Hurricane from 1954 as the JH4 (69 hp), primarily for use in their license-built version of the Jeep.^[13] They later developed a 61 PS (45 kW) overhead-valve diesel version of the same, called KE31. This was also turned into a 3.3 L six-cylinder version with the same internal dimensions, producing 85 PS (63 kW), which was named KE36. These diesel engines were used in the Jeep, but also in many light to medium-weight trucks and buses.^[14]

Stellantis engine

The 3.0-liter inline-6, called Hurricane turbo engine, developed in 2022 for use in Ram, Jeep, and Dodge vehicles, is unrelated to the original Willys Hurricane versions.^[15]^[16]^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b "Engine Specs - Jeep Engines - Hurricane F-Head 134 I4". baeta.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b Brown, Arch (1994). "Chapter Five – Kaiser and the Jeep: 1953-55". Jeep: The Unstoppable Legend. Publications International. pp. 80, 82. ISBN 0-7853-0870-9.
^ ^a ^b Brown, p. 236
^ ^a ^b Brown, p. 74.
^ Allen, Jim (2007). "Chapter 10 GO POWER Engine Performance". Jeep 4x4 Performance Handbook. Motorbooks Workshop Series. Vol. 242 (Second ed.). MBI Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7603-2687-9. Retrieved 21 August 2014. 1950–1971 F134 "Hurricane" Four-Cylinder F-head
^ Allen, Jim (1999). "Chapter 13: Two-Wheel Drive Jeeps". Jeep Collector's Library (Third ed.). MBI Publishing. p. 215. ISBN 0-7603-1979-0. Retrieved 21 August 2014. The F-head–powered Station Wagon became Model 4-73.
^ Allen, p. 228.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Motores Willys 6 cilindros: BF-161, 2600, 3000 + Ford 4 cil. OHC 2300" (in Portuguese). ruralwillys. 27 July 2002. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ Morr, Tom (2007). The Joy of Jeep. MBI Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7603-3061-6.
^ Morr, p. 52.
^ ^a ^b Allen, p. 101.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shaw, Wilbur (March 1954). "New Engine Zips Up Little Willys". Popular Science. Vol. 164, no. 3. pp. 173–175. ISSN 0161-7370. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ 三菱ジープのエンジン [Mitsubishi Jeep engines]. じいぷファン倶楽部 [Jeep Fan Club] (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 August 2014.
^ Takayoshi, Seiji (高吉誠司), ed. (2011). トラックメーカーアーカイブ vol.2: 三菱ふそうのすべて [Truck Manufacturer Archive Volume 2: Everything Mitsubishi Fuso] (in Japanese). Geibun Mooks. p. 48. ISBN 978-4-86396-112-8.
^ Taylor, Thom (2 January 2022). "All-New Ram, Jeep, Dodge 'Tornado' Turbo-6-Cylinder Engine: Everything We Know". motorbiscuit.com. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^ Quinn, Zac (9 March 2022). "There Will be 3 Variants of the Stellantis GME-T6 "Tornado" Engine: Report". musclecarsandtrucks.com. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^ Beard, David (24 March 2022). "Stellantis Goes Six in a Row with a Twin-Turbo Inline-Six Engine". Car and Driver. Retrieved 12 April 2024.