Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological medicine
William McNeill Whistler (July 22, 1836 – February 27, 1900) was an American physician and a medical army officer for the Confederacy during the American Civil War.[1] He was the younger brother of artist James McNeill Whistler.[2]
Anna Whistler returned to the United States with her two sons, settling in Pomfret, Connecticut.[5] Whistler attended Christ Church School in Pomfret, and St. James College in Williamsport, Maryland from 1850 to 1852.[3][6] He enrolled in Columbia College in 1853, but never graduated.[7][3] While there, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Psi (St. Anthony Hall).[8]
He enrolled as a pre-med student at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in March 1855.[3] He apprenticed to Dr. James Darrach of Philadelphia in 1857.[3] He enrolled in the Pennsylvania Medical School in 1858, graduating in 1860 with honors.[9][2][3]
Career
In 1860, Whistler moved to Richmond, Virginia where he attempted to secure a commission as a medical officer with the Confederate States Army.[4] When he was unsuccessful, he instead joined as a clerk.in 1861 because he needed money.[3][4] On his application, he wrote, " “Being a physician by profession, I felt that the only true position for me was on the medical staff, as the want of any military education disqualified me for any other office."[4] In the fall of 1862, he was appointed as an assistant surgeon operating in the Richmond area.[4][3] This work included service in various Richmond locations including Libby Prison, and Drewry's Bluff.[3][2]
In April 1864, Whistler was given a field assignment, becoming assistant surgeon in the 1st South Carolina Rifle Regiment or "Orr's Rifles".[4][2] Arriving at his post in time for the battle of Spotsylvania Court House he made a favorable impression on his new comrades "[ordering] his servant to take his horse to the rear and out of danger, while he remained with the line of battle until it entered the Bloody Angle, and he was detained to look after such as had fallen in the charge."[2][4] He took part in the battles of Jericho Ford, Riddle's Shop, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Fussell's Mill, Ream's Station and Jones's Farm.[2][6]
In February 1865, Whistler was granted four months of leave because of his poor health.[4] He decided to visit his mother, who was now living in London.[2] Reporting at Richmond he was also given government dispatches to deliver to Britain.[2] Attempts to reach Charleston, South Carolina and Wilmington, North Carolina to sail on a blockade runner were frustrated by Union troop movements.[2][4] Ultimately he teamed up with another Confederate officer and slipped across the Chesapeake and through the Union lines to Philadelphia, using a false named while dressed in civilian clothing.[2][4] He made his way to New York and sailed for London aboard the SS City of Manchester.[2] He arrived in England and delivered the dispatches, but learned a week later of Robert E. Lee's surrender.[2][4][6]
Whistler never returned to the United States.[4] He spent a year traveling in Europe, including visiting his brother, George William Whistler, in Russia before continuing his medical career in Paris, France, where he worked in hospitals and taught in medical schools.[2][3] He then moved to London sometime in 1868, where he established a private practice and worked at St George's Hospital.[4][2][3] He was a founder and senior physician at the London Throat Hospital.[2]
Late in 1860 Whistler married his cousin, Florida "Ida" Bayard King from Georgia.[5][4] His southern wife encouraged him to support the Confederacy in the Civil War.[4][1] The couple settled in Richmond, Virginia. Ida fell ill, and she died in March 1863 whilst nursed by her mother-in-law.[4] They did not have any children.[1][6]
On April 17, 1877, William married for a second time.[1] His bride, Helen "Nellie" Euphrosyne Ionides (1849-1917) came from a wealthy Greek merchant family from Tulse Hill and was an occasional model for James Whistler.[1][3] They did not have any children.[1][6]
His brother, James McNeill Whistler painted Whistler's portrait several times, including Portrait of Dr. William McNeill Whistler, Portrait of Dr. Whistler, No. 2,Portrait studies of the artist, his brother Dr. Whistler.[3]
