William Jolliffe (censor)

William Jolliffe
Jolliffe c. 1901
1st Chief Censor of New Zealand
Succeeded byWalter Tanner
Personal details
Born(1851-09-16)September 16, 1851
Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England
Died26 April 1927(1927-04-26) (aged 75)

William Jolliffe (16 September 1851 – 26 April 1927) was New Zealand's first Chief Censor of Films.

Jolliffe was born in Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England, in 1851, the son of William Peter Jolliffe and Harriett Penny. He qualified as a barrister and practised in London, Newcastle upon Tyne and North Shields. On his father's death in 1887, he moved to Australia, and then to New Zealand in 1896. He married 20-year-old Nellie Young in Lower Hutt on 6 November 1902. They had two daughters and a son.

After drafting the Cinematograph-film Censorship Act 1916, Jolliffe was appointed Censor of Cinematograph Films on 16 September 1916, at the age of 65. The Act provided that no film could by exhibited to the public until it had been passed by the censor. The Act also provided that no film could be approved which "in the opinion of the censor, depicts any matter that is against public order and decency, or the exhibition of which for any other reason is, in the opinion of the censor, undesirable in the public interest". Distributors were given the right to appeal the censor's rejection of a film, but no one could appeal the approval of a film until 1934.

In Jolliffe's first full year (1917 to 1918) he reviewed 2,825 films totalling over 1,400 hours, and refused to approve 43, he also required cuts to 279. There was only one appeal against his decisions, and it was dismissed. The revenue generated by the examination fees for this number of films meant that Jolliffe could afford to hire an assistant, James McDonald, in August 1918.

In 1917, after church groups objected to D. W. Griffith's film Intolerance being passed without cuts, the Minister of Internal Affairs suggested that Jolliffe adopt and publish a list of prohibited topics. Jolliffe resisted this suggestion because he believed that it was impossible to formulate guidelines applicable to all films, a view that has become a tradition among New Zealand censors to this day. Nevertheless, he generally required cuts from films that depicted "the commission of crime in a manner likely to be imitated, especially by the young, or to give information as to methods to persons of a criminal tendency", indecency in dress, irreverent treatment of religious subjects, disloyalty to King and country, and "any matter likely to effect class hatred".

In 1920, Jolliffe introduced two ratings: a "U" (for "universal") certificate denoted that a film was suitable for everyone; and an "A" rating indicated that a film was more suitable for adult viewing. Both certificates were recommendations intended to help parents decide what their children could view. In May 1921 the Minister (probably illegally) directed Jolliffe to ensure that any film in which "thieving, robbery, murder, or suicide is made the feature" was not approved for exhibition. No discernible increase in banned films resulted, and the requirement was quietly dropped by 1925.

William Jolliffe died in office and was succeeded by his assistant, W. A. Tanner.

References

  • Brodie, James W. "Jolliffe, William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  • Christoffel, P. Censored: A Short History of Censorship in New Zealand. Wellington, 1989
  • Obituary, Dominion. 27 April 1927: 12

Read other articles:

Al-Aqidah Al-Wasithiyah

Al-Aqidah Al-Wasithiyah Sampul depan Aqidah Wasithiyah terbitan modern.PengarangIbnu TaimiyahJudul asliAl-Aqidatul WasithiyahNegaraSyam atau IrakBahasaBahasa ArabSubjekAkidah, dan ManhajGenreMatanTanggal terbitcirca 700-an H (1300-an M)Diikuti olehSyarah Aqidah Wasithiyah (bervariasi) oleh para ulama.  Penjelasan kitab Aqidah Wasithiyah Contoh sebuah sampul depan dari kitab penjelasan Aqidah Wasithiyah.PengarangIbnu Taimiyah, Abdurrahman As-Sa'di, Ibnul Utsaimin,Shalih bin...

 

 

Ennius

EnniusLahirQuintus Enniusc. 239 SMRudiae, Republik RomawiMeninggalc. 169 SMPekerjaanPenyairKebangsaanRepublik RomawiGenreWiracarita Quintus Ennius adalah seorang penulis dan penyair yang hidup pada masa Republik Romawi, kemungkinan dari tahun 239 hingga 169 SM. Ia sering dianggap sebagai Bapak Puisi Romawi. Ia dilahirkan di Rudiae[1] dan dapat menuturkan bahasa Oska serta bahasa Latin dan Yunani. Tidak banyak yang diketahui mengenai kehidupannya. Hanya sebagian dari karyanya yang masi...

 

 

I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind

2006 studio album by Killer MikeI Pledge Allegiance to the GrindStudio album by Killer MikeReleasedNovember 21, 2006Recorded2004–06GenreHip hopLength60:48LabelGrind Time OfficialProducerSmiff & Cash for Heatwave ProductionsKiller Mike chronology Monster(2003) I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind(2006) I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind II(2008) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllHipHop[1]AllMusic[2]XXL[3] I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind is the sec...

Irina Shayk

Irina ShaykIrina Shayk, 2019LahirIrina Shaykhlislamova[1]6 Januari 1986 (umur 38) Yemanzhelinsk, Rusia[2]Informasi modelingTinggi178 cm (5 ft 10 in) [2]Warna rambutCoklatWarna mataHijauManajerThe Lions-New York, Women Milan-Milan, Elite-Paris, Select Model Management-London, Modelwerk-Hamburg, Elite Barcelona-Barcelona, Elite Stockholm-Stockholm,[3] Situs webtheirinashayk.com Irina Shayk (lahir 6 Januari 1986) atau dikreditkan sebagai Irina...

 

 

الاتحاد الديمقراطي الفلسطيني

تعتمد هذه المقالة اعتماداً كاملاً أو شبه كامل على مصدر وحيد. فضلاً، ساهم في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة مصادر إضافية لضمان وجهة النظر المحايدة. (ديسمبر 2018) تحتاج هذه المقالة كاملةً أو أجزاءً منها لإعادة الكتابة حسبَ أسلوب ويكيبيديا. فضلًا، ساهم بإعادة كتابتها لتتوافق معه. (ماي...

 

 

Pat Bourque

American baseball player Baseball player Pat BourqueFirst basemanBorn: (1947-03-23) March 23, 1947 (age 77)Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.Batted: LeftThrew: LeftMLB debutSeptember 6, 1971, for the Chicago CubsLast MLB appearanceSeptember 28, 1974, for the Minnesota TwinsMLB statisticsBatting average.215Home runs12Runs batted in61 Teams Chicago Cubs (1971–1973) Oakland Athletics (1973–1974) Minnesota Twins (1974) Career highlights and awards World Series c...

Book design

Styling, formatting and designing the layout of a book's contents Design by Hans Holbein the Younger for a metalwork book cover (or treasure binding) Book design is the art of incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various components and elements of a book into a coherent unit. In the words of renowned typographer Jan Tschichold (1902–1974), book design, though largely forgotten today, [relies upon] methods and rules upon which it is impossible to improve, [an...

 

 

Stasiun Tianbao (Nanjing Metro)

Tianbao天保LokasiDistrik Yuhuatai, Nanjing, JiangsuChinaOperatorNanjing Metro Co. Ltd.Jalur     Jalur S3SejarahDibuka6 Desember 2017Operasi layanan Stasiun sebelumnya   Nanjing Metro   Stasiun berikutnya Gaomiaolu Stasiun kereta api Nanjing Selatan Jalur S3Liucun Gaojiachong Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Stasiun Tianbao (Hanzi: 天保站), adalah sebuah stasiun di Jalur S3 dari Nanjing Metro. Stasiun tersebut mulai b...

 

 

WCSV

Radio station in Crossville, TennesseeWCSVCrossville, TennesseeFrequency1490 kHzBranding97.7 The TicketProgrammingFormatSportsAffiliationsFox Sports RadioOwnershipOwnerPeg Broadcasting, LLCSister stationsWAEW, WOWF, WPBXHistoryFirst air dateJune 15, 1968 (1968-06-15)Call sign meaningCrosSVilleTechnical informationFacility ID58781ClassCPower1,000 watts (unlimited)Transmitter coordinates35°57′1.00″N 85°2′9.00″W / 35.9502778°N 85.0358333°W / 35....

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

 

 

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية

جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية المؤسس جورج فوكس  الأصل بروتستانتية  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالبروتستانتية المفاهيم إصلاح بروتستانتي الصحوة الكبرى التاريخ الثقافة الديموغرافيا معاداة البروتستانتية الفرق الرئيسية سبتيون تجديدية العماد أنجليكية الكن�...

 

 

Decentralized application

Type of computer application This article is about trustless decentralized applications (DApp). For other types of decentralized applications, see Distributed computing. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and ...

 

 

Melaneus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Melaneus (/ˈmɛlənˌjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Μελανεύς) may refer to the following personages: Melaneus, son of Apollo and husband of Oechalia.[1] Melaneus, counted among the Ethiopian chiefs and was in the court of Cepheus at the time of the fight between Perseus and Phineus, and was killed during the same fight.[2] Melaneus, an Indian, whose shape Hera took to warn Astraeis, and Indian captain during Dionysus' Indian War.[3] Melaneus, joine...

Radha Soami Satsang Sabha

Indian religious and charitable organisation Radha Soami Satsang SabhaOfficial logo of the Radha Soami Satsang Sabha (Dayalbagh)ReligionsRadha SoamiWebsitehttps://www.dayalbagh.org.in/ Radhasoami Satsang Sabha[1](RSS) also written as Ra Dha Sva Aa Mi Satsang Sabha[2] is the Chief Working Committee of Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh. Sabha was founded in 1910 and came to be registered under the Charitable Societies Registration Act (No. 21 of 1860)[3].The teachings of Radh...

 

 

Hidrogen fluorida

Hidrogen fluorida Nama Nama lain Fluorane Penanda Nomor CAS 7664-39-3 Y Model 3D (JSmol) Gambar interaktif 3DMet {{{3DMet}}} ChEBI CHEBI:29228 Y ChemSpider 14214 Y Nomor EC KEGG C16487 Y PubChem CID 16211014 Nomor RTECS {{{value}}} UNII RGL5YE86CZ Y Nomor UN 1052 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID1049641 InChI InChI=1S/FH/h1H YKey: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N YInChI=1/FH/h1HKey: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYAC SMILES F Sifat Rumus kimia HF Massa molar...

 

 

Majalah elektronik

Tampilan Majalah Elektronik pada iPad Majalah elektronik (bahasa Inggris: electronic magazine; disingkat e-Magazine atau ezine;[1] juga disebut online magazine) adalah versi elektronik dari majalah karena berbasis listrik. Majalah elektronik tidak lagi menggunakan bahan bahu kertas untuk menuliskan artikel-artikelnya seperti majalah pada umumnya, melainkan dalam bentuk file digital yang dapat diakses melalui media elektronik seperti Komputer, Laptop, handphone, BlackBerry, android, iP...

Gegliedertes Schulsystem

Die Artikel Schulsystem in Deutschland und Gegliedertes Schulsystem überschneiden sich thematisch. Informationen, die du hier suchst, können sich also auch im anderen Artikel befinden.Gerne kannst du dich an der betreffenden Redundanzdiskussion beteiligen oder direkt dabei helfen, die Artikel zusammenzuführen oder besser voneinander abzugrenzen (→ Anleitung). Als gegliedertes Schulsystem werden Schulsysteme bezeichnet, in denen Schüler in der Sekundarstufe I verschiedene...

 

 

Shir ha-Shirim Zutta

Rabbinic literatureTalmud Readers by Adolf Behrman Talmudic literature Tannaitic Mishnah Tosefta Amoraic (Gemara) Jerusalem Talmud Babylonian Talmud Later Minor Tractates Halakhic Midrash Exodus Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai Leviticus Sifra (Torat Kohanim) Numbers and Deuteronomy Sifre Sifrei Zutta on Numbers (Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim) Aggadic Midrash Tannaitic Seder Olam Rabbah Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules Baraita on the Thirty-two ...