Captain William Cornwallis Symonds (1 August 1810[6] – 23 November 1841) was a British Army officer who was prominent in the early colonisation of New Zealand.
He came to New Zealand in the early 1830s as an agent of the Waitemata and Manukau Land Company and was instrumental in the founding of Auckland and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. He was one of Governor William Hobson's closest and most effective officials and was one of the first six Police Magistrates in New Zealand.[7] Symonds was instrumental in convincing Hobson to make Auckland the capital of New Zealand in 1840.[8] He was Chief Magistrate of Auckland and in 1841 was appointed Deputy Surveyor-General of New Zealand, and laid out Auckland under Felton Mathew.
In the late 1830s, Symonds, alongside Theophilus Heale and Dudley Sinclair (son of Scottish aristocrat Sir George Sinclair), attempted to develop a section of coast alongside the Waitākere Ranges as a trading post and timbermill, which Symonds named Cornwallis after his late uncle, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis.[8] The plan of the township was laid out, however it was never developed.[7] After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, Symonds was summoned to testify at the Crown Land Commission to examine the private land deal that led to the creation of Cornwallis, however the court was dissatisfied at the lack of information around the trade goods that were given to Ngāti Whātua, and banned logging activities at Cornwallis for two years until the agreement could be settled.[8] When Scottish settlers arrived at the barren settlement in 1840, he provided them food and support.[8] On 20 March 1840, Symonds and James Hamlin organised for a signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on the Āwhitu Peninsula, where Apihai Te Kawau of Ngāti Whātua signed, but several Waikato Tainui chiefs refused.[9]
Ernst Dieffenbach's party and Te Waro, April 1841. Artist: Joseph Jenner Merrett
