Whangaehu River

Whangaehu River
The State Highway 49 bridge at Tangiwai
Map
EtymologyMaori meaning "muddy / murky harbour"
Native nameWhangaehu (Māori)
Location
CountryNew Zealand
RegionManawatū-Whanganui
Physical characteristics
SourceCrater lake
 • locationMount Ruapehu
 • coordinates39°17′2″S 175°33′50″E / 39.28389°S 175.56389°E / -39.28389; 175.56389
 • elevation2,550 metres (8,370 ft)
MouthTasman Sea
 • coordinates
40°2′28″S 175°6′0″E / 40.04111°S 175.10000°E / -40.04111; 175.10000
 • elevation
Sea level
Length161 kilometres (100 mi)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • rightWahianoa River, Mangawhero River

The Whangaehu River is a large river in central North Island of New Zealand. Its headwaters are the crater lake of Mount Ruapehu on the central plateau, and it flows into the Tasman Sea eight kilometres southeast of Whanganui. Due to the high acidity of the water coming from the crater lake, water is not diverted from the headwaters for the Tongariro Power Scheme. Instead, it bypasses the Waihianoa Aqueduct via a ford.

Length

The river flows for 161 kilometres (100 mi) southward to the South Taranaki Bight near the settlement of Whangaehu.

Notoriety

The sudden collapse of part of the Ruapehu crater wall on 24 December 1953 led to New Zealand's worst railway accident, the Tangiwai disaster. A lahar – a sudden surge of mud-laden water – swept down the river, significantly weakening the structure of a railway bridge at the small settlement of Tangiwai. The overnight express train between Wellington and Auckland passed over the bridge minutes later, causing it to collapse into the turbulent waters. Of the 285 people on the train, 151 were killed.

Timeline

  • 13 December 1859: The bridge was washed away.[1]
  • In February 1862 James Coutts Crawford was given a number of old songs and "various accounts of the taniwha, one of whom we were told overthrew the Wangaehu bridge."[2]
  • 1889: flood caused by the eruptions of Ruapehu.
  • 1895: flood caused by the eruptions of Ruapehu.[3]
  • 24 December 1953: Tangiwai disaster
  • 18 March 2007: Mt Ruapehu crater lake burst releasing an estimated 1.29 billion cubic metres of water, mud, and sludge; the Ruapehu ERLAWS alarm successfully activated preventing any accidents. This lahar was 50% bigger than the 1953 lahar that caused the Tangiwai disaster.[4][5]

Geology

The river is often poisoned with toxic chemicals from the volcanic activity in and around Mount Ruapehu. The upper part of the river begins as the meltwater from a small glacier. When hot water from the lake spills, it quickly melts the ice and snow in the glacier forming a cave-like tunnel.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ "Ruapehu and the Wangaehu River". The Wanganui Herald. Vol. XXXVI, no. 10667. 11 June 1902. p. 2. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  2. ^ "Recollections of travel in New Zealand and Australia : Crawford, James Coutts : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". 10 March 2001. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b McSaveney, Eileen (12 June 2006). "Historic volcanic activity". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  4. ^ Wunderman, R (2007). "Report on Ruapehu (New Zealand) — March 2007". Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. 32 (3). Smithsonian Institution.
  5. ^ Becker, JS (2017). "Organisational Response to the 2007 Ruapehu Crater Lake Dam-Break Lahar in New Zealand: Use of Communication in Creating an Effective Response". Observing the volcano world : volcano crisis communication. Barcelona: Springer. pp. 253–269. ISBN 978-3-319-44095-8.


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