Waterlooplein metro station

Waterlooplein
General information
LocationWaterlooplein, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Coordinates52°22′02″N 4°54′06″E / 52.36722°N 4.90167°E / 52.36722; 4.90167
Owned byGemeente Vervoerbedrijf (GVB)
Line(s)51, 53, 54 (Metro)
Platforms1
Tracks2
ConnectionsMainline rail interchange GVB tram: 14
Bus transport GVB bus: N85, N86, N87, N89, N91, N93 (night)
Other information
Fare zone5700 (Centrum)
History
Opened11 October 1980

Waterlooplein is an underground metro station in the city centre of Amsterdam, Netherlands. Served by metro lines 51, 53 and 54 of the Amsterdam Metro, the station was constructed by sinking caissons with a length of 40 metres (130 ft), with the first one being lowered in 1972. There were "open tube" days in 1975 showcasing the station, which was the first time the public got access to the underground tunnels of the metro system.

The station, opened to metro traffic on 11 October 1980, has an island platform of 180 metres (590 ft) and two halls with a total of five entrances. Waterlooplein, along with other stations on the East Line, had a major renovation in 2016 that brought back the brutalist architecture used in the original station. There are two pieces of artwork located in the station: one in a station hall and the other on the platform level.

Layout

The station was designed by two architects from the Government of Amsterdam: Ben Spangberg and Sier van Rhijn [nl].[1] It has an island platform of 180 metres (590 ft) long and 8 metres (26 ft) wide, located 12 metres (39 ft) under the surface. Each end of the platform goes up to its own hall, with a total of five entrances into the station. Four entrances lead up to the square of the same name, two of which go to the Stopera—the town hall of Amsterdam—while the fifth entrance is located at the Nieuwe Herengracht. There are columns in the middle of the platform, roughly 7 metres (23 ft) apart from each other.[2] A restaurant serving Surinamese food is located inside the station.[3] Between Waterlooplein station and Weesperplein, the line makes a turn as the following curve from Nieuwmarkt to Amsterdam Centraal would have been too tight otherwise.[4]

History

Construction and opening

Further information: Amsterdam Metro § Design and construction
People on the platform 5 years before opening
The platform just before its opening
Alderman Han Lammers inspecting the station in 1975 (left) and the platform a week before its opening (right)

In a 1968 metro plan released by the information office of the municipality, the station was called Stadhuis instead of Waterlooplein.[5] In 1970, it was announced that the market organized above on the square would be able to continue despite the construction.[6] Work on the new town hall of the city commenced just before the station.[7]

Most underground areas of the line were constructed by using caissons, which made pumping out groundwater unnecessary. The caissons were built above ground on-site, and had a length of 40 metres (130 ft) and a width of 10–18 metres (33–59 ft).[8] The earth below the caissons were rinsed with water and pumped out, lowering them into their place.[9] There were protests against the construction of the metro, as this method required the demolition of the houses above the line.[10] The resistance at Waterooplein was limited as the neighbourhood had been in a decline. Many of its residents were deported and later killed during World War II, leaving a significant amount of the houses around the square in a bad condition.[11]

Work around the area started in February 1971.[12] The first caisson at Waterlooplein was lowered in January 1972, which immediately resulted in delays as it hit a previously unknown wall 8 metres (26 ft) under ground dating back to the 16th century.[13] Several oak revetments of the Amstel river were found during construction, causing more delays to the lowering of the caissons.[14] From August to October 1975, an "open tube" event was organized inside the station, which was the first time that locals were able to see what the metro system of the city would look like.[15] The section of the tunnel from Waterlooplein to Amsterdam Centraal was opened on 11 October 1980.[11]

Later developments

The northern entrance after the 2016 renovation

The station was renovated in 2004 together with Reigersbos as part of the Neat & Tidy project.[16] Another renovation was planned to happen from March to September 2011.[17] The start was delayed several times and eventually started after May.[18] Metro traffic was stopped on 23 July, in accordance with the plan,[19] and restarted on 5 September while the work was still ongoing.[20]

All stations on the East Line were set for another renovation in 2016. The renovation of Waterlooplein commenced in September. The architect of the renovation wanted to revert to the brutalist architecture used in the original station design. Paint on the walls were removed to reveal the bare concrete. Metro traffic still continued as entrances were closed one by one.[21] Some of the features added after initial construction, such as the usage of primary colours and a black ceiling, were kept after the renovation.[22] Windows were created at two of the entrances.[23][24] Cables, cable ducts and pipes were concealed for tidiness.[25] Het Parool wrote that after the renovation "[the station] suddenly look[s] as if [it is] no longer just from the past, but also a bit from now."[26] In April 2017, the Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf started to play music through the speakers of underground metro stations as a test. The type of music would depend on the time of day: slow and calming music during rush hours, and energetic music during the afternoon.[27]

Artwork

Waterloo on the platform wall (left) and Sporen van verlichte voetstappen on the floor (right) photographed in 2011, before the renovation.

Artists were invited by officials for artwork inside the stations on the East Line, with the exception of Weesperplein and Bijlmer.[28]

Waterloo by Willem Sandberg consists of blue and red letters on the platform walls spelling out the name of the work. The typographic artwork consists of basic shapes—circles, rectangles, triangles and trapezoids—with frayed edges.[29] The letters were planned to be removed during the 2016 renovation, as well as a few other artworks in different stations, as they were damaged. They were kept in the end due to their "cultural-historical value". Smoke screen panels were installed on the artwork to stop the spread of smoke in case of a fire.[30] The advertisements on the walls near the letters were also removed.[21]

Located on one of the station halls, Sporen van verlichte voetstappen by Dirk Müller is made up of several plexiglass plates of footsteps that leave a trace on the floor which continues on to a wall. The lights of the footprints illuminate one by one creating a walking motion. The footsteps were initially planned to be on Spaklerweg station, but were given to Waterlooplein due to delays with the work at Spaklerweg.[31]

Services

The station is served by metro lines 51, 53 and 54. North-bound, all three lines use the same track and end at Amsterdam Centraal. South-bound, M53 ends at Gaasperplas, while M54 ends at Gein. M51 used to serve the Amstelveen suburb by heading south after Amsterdam Zuid station and end at Westwijk.[32] The section after Zuid was closed in 2019 and replaced by a tramline.[33] M51 now continues west-bound after Zuid and ends at Isolatorweg.[34] A tram stop near the entrance shares the same name as the metro station and is served by tram line 14 during the day. At night, night buses N85, N86, N87, N89, N91 and N93 stop near the station.[35]

Preceding station Amsterdam Metro Following station
Nieuwmarkt
towards Centraal Station
 Line 51 Weesperplein
towards Isolatorweg
Line 53 Weesperplein
towards Gaasperplas
Line 54 Weesperplein
towards Gein

References

Citations

  1. ^ van 't Hoog 2010, p. 27.
  2. ^ van 't Hoog 2010, p. 35.
  3. ^ Sophia Peereboom (7 July 2022). "Lange rijen bij restaurant De Hapjeshoek na 9,5 in Het Parool: 'Gekkenhuis'". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  4. ^ van 't Hoog 2010, p. 33.
  5. ^ Bureau Voorlichting van de Gemeente Amsterdam 1968, p. 6.
  6. ^ "Markt Waterlooplein blijft bij metrobouw". Algemeen Handelsblad (in Dutch). 28 July 1970. p. 2. Retrieved 11 February 2023 – via Delpher.
  7. ^ "Stapje metro". De Waarheid (in Dutch). 17 November 1970. p. 4. Retrieved 11 February 2023 – via Delpher.
  8. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 27.
  9. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 28.
  10. ^ Marc Kruyswijk (16 October 2017). "40 jaar metro: 'Zonder zou Amsterdam zijn vastgelopen'". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  11. ^ a b "De slag om de Nieuwmarktbuurt" (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  12. ^ "Graafwerk metro loopt volgens schema". Het Parool (in Dutch). 22 February 1971. p. 5. Retrieved 11 February 2023 – via Delpher.
  13. ^ "Metro-bouw onverwacht vertraagd". De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 5 January 1972. p. 1. Retrieved 11 February 2023 – via Delpher.
  14. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 56.
  15. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 17.
  16. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, pp. 25–26.
  17. ^ de Ridder 2016, p. 50.
  18. ^ de Ridder 2016, p. 57.
  19. ^ de Ridder 2016, p. 59.
  20. ^ de Ridder 2016, p. 60.
  21. ^ a b Tim Luimes (1 October 2016). "Metrostation Waterlooplein op de schop". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  22. ^ Hans van Lissum (27 January 2018). "Opgeknapt metrostation Waterlooplein: er zijn grenzen aan de gezelligheid". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  23. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, p. 123.
  24. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, p. 128.
  25. ^ van Bremen, van Erp & Lever 2020, p. 126.
  26. ^ Marc Kruyswijk (13 December 2018). "De Oostlijn is niet meer het lelijke eendje van de metro". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  27. ^ "Proef met muziek op metrostations". Het Parool (in Dutch). 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  28. ^ Ouwendijk 1977, p. 51.
  29. ^ "Waterloo". Metrokunst (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  30. ^ Wanda Nikkels (29 September 2012). "Stations Oostlijn mogen (beschadigde) kunstwerken houden". Het Parool (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  31. ^ "Sporen van verlichte voetstappen". Metrokunst (in Dutch). Government of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  32. ^ Manenschijn, Smit & Beens 2007, p. 29.
  33. ^ Quintus Vosman (5 March 2019). "Dutch start reconstruction of Amstelveen LRT". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  34. ^ "Metro 51". Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  35. ^ "Halte Waterlooplein". Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

Bibliography