Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex

Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex is an administrative grouping of six National Wildlife Refuges in Washington, managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It includes:

Washington Islands Wilderness refuges

Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles, and Copalis are a group of 870 islands, rocks, and reefs extending for more than 100 miles along Washington's coast from Cape Flattery to Copalis Beach. These islands are protected from human disturbance, yet are close to abundant ocean food sources.[4] They make up the Washington Islands Wilderness[5] and are closed to the public, with wildlife observation only from boats and the mainland, and a 200-yard buffer zone surrounds each island.[6] Only Tatoosh Island, James Island, and Destruction Island are not included in the wilderness area, which was established in 1970.[7] The wilderness has a total land area of 1.8 square kilometres (0.69 sq mi) covering over 780 square kilometres (300 sq mi) of ocean.

More than a million seabirds, waterfowl, and shorebirds may live on the islands during migration season. Breeding colonies of 14 species of seabirds use these rocks to raise their young. Mammals that live near the islands include sea lions, harbor seals, sea otters, and whales.[3]

These three lie within the boundary of Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Along with nearby Olympic National Park the three agencies cooperate on research programs and other issues that may have impacts on the resources.[8]

The refuges were originally created as Flattery Rocks Reservation, Quillayute Needles Reservation, and Copalis Rock Reservation on October 23, 1907, by executive orders from Theodore Roosevelt. They were renamed by a presidential proclamation on July 25, 1940.[9] Flattery Rocks encompasses the islands off the Washington coast between latitudes 48° 02′ North and 48° 23′ North,[10] Quillayute Needles those between latitudes 47° 38′ North, and 48° 02′ North,[11] and Copalis those between latitudes 47° 08′ North, and 47° 29′ North.[12] James Island was removed from Quillayute Needles in 1966 and returned to the Quileute when the island was discovered to be part of the Quileute Indian Reservation.[13]

  • Point of Arches, Flattery Rocks
    Point of Arches, Flattery Rocks
  • Quillayute Needles
    Quillayute Needles
  • Copalis Rock from Roosevelt Beach
    Copalis Rock from Roosevelt Beach
  • Flattery Rocks map
    Flattery Rocks map
  • Quillayute Needles map
    Quillayute Needles map
  • Copalis map
    Copalis map

Climate

Climate data for Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Complex
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 47
(8) 		47
(8) 		49
(9) 		51
(11) 		55
(13) 		58
(14) 		60
(16) 		61
(16) 		60
(16) 		55
(13) 		51
(11) 		47
(8) 		53
(12)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 40
(4) 		39
(4) 		41
(5) 		43
(6) 		47
(8) 		50
(10) 		53
(12) 		53
(12) 		51
(11) 		47
(8) 		43
(6) 		40
(4) 		46
(8)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 15.1
(380) 		9.5
(240) 		10.6
(270) 		7.3
(190) 		3.6
(91) 		2.8
(71) 		1.7
(43) 		2.3
(58) 		3.6
(91) 		10.1
(260) 		14.5
(370) 		13.6
(350) 		94.7
(2,414)
Source: U.S.Prism[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report of Lands as of September 30, 2013" (PDF). United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
  2. ^ "Flattery Rocks National Wildlife Refuge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ "Copalis National Wildlife Refuge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  4. ^ "Flattery Rocks National Wildlife Refuge Profile". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  5. ^ "Wilderness.net: Washington Islands Wilderness". Retrieved 2019-08-27.
  6. ^ "About the Refuge". Flattery Rocks National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  7. ^ "Wilderness Connect". wilderness.net. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
  8. ^ "Flattery Rocks National Wildlife Refuge - Wildlife and Habitat". 2012-11-13. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
  9. ^ Proclamation 2416, July 25, 1940. Mentioned in the citations in the National Wildlife Refuge Administration Act.
  10. ^ Executive Order 703, October 23, 1907.
  11. ^ Executive Order 705, October 23, 1907.
  12. ^ Executive Order 704, October 23, 1907.
  13. ^ Removed by Public Land Order 4095, September 19, 1966, according to Comprehensive Conservation Plan/Environmental Assessment, Chapter 1, page 1-8.
  14. ^ [1] U.S. Climate Data. Retrieved April 29, 2022.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

Read other articles:

Letusan Gunung Ontake 2014

Letusan Gunung Ontake 2014Gunung apiGunung OntakeTanggal27 September 2014 (2014-09-27)LokasiPerbatasan prefektur Nagano dan Gifu, pulau Honshū, Jepang35°53′36″N 137°28′45″E / 35.89333°N 137.47917°E / 35.89333; 137.47917Koordinat: 35°53′36″N 137°28′45″E / 35.89333°N 137.47917°E / 35.89333; 137.47917Dampak36 jenazah yang ditemukan (12 dikonfirmasikan meninggal)[1] Pada 27 September 2014, letusan gunung berapi ...

 

 

Aqualung

Aqualung (disebut juga botol udara,[1] tangki oksigen[2]) adalah alat yang berbentuk tabung terbuat dari baja atau aluminium bertekanan tinggi untuk menampung oksigen yang digunakan untuk membantu pernafasan pada saat menyelam,[3] biasanya dikenakan di punggung penyelam dengan sebuah selang yang menyalurkan udara dari tabung ke mulut.[4] Aqualung merupakan salah satu dari anggota peralatan selam (dalam bahasa Inggris disebut SCUBA, kepanjangan dari Self-Contain...

 

 

The Boathouse, Twickenham

This article is about the Boathouse in London. For other places called The Boathouse, see The Boathouse. View of The Boathouse, Twickenham and disused mooring from Old Deer Park, Richmond Business in London, EnglandThe BoathouseGeneral informationTypeBusinessArchitectural style1960sLocationTwickenham, London, EnglandOwnerBoathouse Twickenham LimitedTechnical detailsStructural systemCavity wallFloor count2 The Boathouse is a commercial property located at Ranelagh Drive, Twickenham in England,...

بني عزيز (فيض العطش)

بني عزيز تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب  الجهة الرباط سلا القنيطرة الإقليم القنيطرة الدائرة سوق الأربعاء الغرب الجماعة القروية قرية بن عودة المشيخة فيض العطش السكان التعداد السكاني 580 نسمة (إحصاء 2004)   • عدد الأسر 91 معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م±00:00 (توقيت قياسي)[1]،  وت ع ...

 

 

Dominique Besnehard

Dominique BesnehardLahir5 Februari 1954 (umur 70)Bois-Colombes, PrancisPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1975–kini Dominique Besnehard (bahasa Prancis: [dɔminik bɛsneaʁ];[1] lahir 5 Februari 1954) adalah seorang pemeran, produser film, sutradara, penulis dan manajer bakat asal Prancis. Ia tampil dalam lebih dari 80 film dan acara televisi sejak 1975. Ia tampil dalam film tahun 1983 À nos amours, yang masuk dalam Festival Film Internasional Berlin ke-34.[2] Refer...

 

 

Perang dagang Amerika Serikat–Tiongkok

Perang dagang Amerika Serikat–Tiongkok bermulai setelah Presiden Amerika Serikat Donald Trump mengumumkan pada 22 Maret 2018, berkehendak mengenakan bea masuk sebesar US$50 miliar untuk barang-barang Tiongkok di bawah Pasal 301 Undang-Undang Amerika Serikat Tahun 1974 tentang Perdagangan, dengan menyebut adanya praktik perdagangan tidak adil dan pencurian kekayaan intelektual.[1][2] Sebagai pembalasan, pemerintah Tiongkok juga menerapkan bea masuk untuk lebih dari 128 produk...

العلاقات الأسترالية الإكوادورية

العلاقات الأسترالية الإكوادورية أستراليا الإكوادور   أستراليا   الإكوادور تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأسترالية الإكوادورية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أستراليا والإكوادور.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية...

 

 

Will Rogers

Will Rogers (1922) William Penn Adair Rogers (4 November 1879 – 15 Agustus 1935) adalah seorang koboi, pelawak, komentator sosial, pemain sandiwara vaudeville dan aktor Amerika Serikat. Ia adalah anak kesayangan Oklahoma,[1] Rogers lahir di keluarga Indian yang penting dan belajar mengendarai kuda dan menggunakan lariat di mana ia masuk kedalam Guinness Book of World Records untuk melempar 3 tali yang ketiganya menangkap leher kuda.[2][3] dan menjadi figur yang terke...

 

 

Geometri transformasi

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Transformasi geometri. Geometri transformasi adalah salah satu cabang geometri yang mempelajari dengan memperhatikan sifat obyeknya ketika dipetakan. Geometri transformasi melibatkan transformasi geometri dan sifat-sifat yang invarian terhadap suatu bangunan. Sejarah Felix Klein, seorang matematikawan Jerman, yang mengemukakan transformasi geometri. Pada abad ke-17, banyak pengembangan ide atau gagasan baru dalam matematika yang diterapkan sebagai sebuah revolusi un...

Частная производная

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Производная. В математическом анализе частная производная (первая производная) — одно из обобщений понятия производной на случай функции нескольких переменных. Частная производная — это предел отношения приращени...

 

 

1904 Illinois lieutenant gubernatorial election

Election for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois 1904 Illinois lieutenant gubernatorial election ← 1900 November 8, 1904 (1904-11-08) 1908 →   Nominee Lawrence Y. Sherman Thomas F. Ferns James H. Brower Party Republican Democratic Socialist Popular vote 628,774 332,134 62,333 Percentage 58.88% 31.10% 5.84% Lieutenant Governor before election William Northcott Republican Elected Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican Elections in Illinois ...

 

 

Newar language

Sino-Tibetan language of central-eastern Nepal Nepal Bhasa redirects here. For the official language of Nepal, see Nepali language. Newari language redirects here. Not to be confused with Mewari language. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: This article needs to be cleaned up and copyedited. Please help improve this article if you can. (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Newar𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐨𑐵𑐳�...

1922 en Italie

Chronologie de l'Italie ◄◄ 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 ►► Chronologies Données clés 1919 1920 1921  1922  1923 1924 1925Décennies :1890 1900 1910  1920  1930 1940 1950Siècles :XVIIIe XIXe  XXe  XXIe XXIIeMillénaires :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe Chronologies géographiques Afrique Afrique du Sud, Algérie, Angola, Bénin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroun, Cap-Vert, République centrafricaine, Comores, Répub...

 

 

Sequel

Copertina di un'edizione del 1915 de Il Ritorno di Tarzan, romanzo sequel dell'originale Tarzan delle Scimmie Un sequel (pronunciato come /ˈsiːkw(ə)l/, italianizzato come /ˈsikwel/[1]) o seguito[2] è un'opera che prosegue la storia narrata in un'altra opera. Il termine sequel, nato in lingua inglese nel XX secolo,[3] si applica al contesto cinematografico, videoludico, fumettistico, teatrale, letterario e musicale. Indice 1 Caratteristiche 2 Threequel 3 Note 4 Voc...

 

 

Francis Peyton Rous

Francis Peyton Rous (Baltimore, 5 Oktober 1879 – New York City, 16 Februari 1970) ialah ilmuwan lulusan Johns Hopkins University yang terlibat dalam penemuan peran virus dalam penularan beberapa jenis kanker tertentu. Pada tahun 1966, ia dianugerahi Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran untuk karyanya. Penghargaan tersebut dibagi juga dengan Charles Huggins yang menerima Nobel untuk karyanya pada kanker prostata. Rujukan Raju, T N (1999). The Nobel chronicles. 1966: Francis Peyton Rous (1879-1970...

Ranch steak

Cut of beef Ranch steakRanch steak with bread, lettuce, and tomatoAlternative namesboneless chuck shoulder steak, shoulder center steak, cut steak, shoulder petite, chuck clod arm roast.TypeChuck cut of beef The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak, but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: Ranch steak. A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounc...

 

 

俄亥俄州

  「俄亥俄」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「俄亥俄 (消歧义)」。 俄亥俄州 美國联邦州State of Ohio 州旗州徽綽號：七葉果之州地图中高亮部分为俄亥俄州坐标：38°27'N－41°58'N, 80°32'W－84°49'W国家 美國加入聯邦1803年3月1日，在1953年8月7日追溯頒定（第17个加入联邦）首府哥倫布（及最大城市）政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） •&...

 

 

Kelayakhunian satelit alami

Europa, sebuah satelit yang berpotensi dihuni dari Jupiter. Kelayakhunian satelit alami adalah sebuah ukuran potensi satelit alami untuk memiliki lingkungan yang ramah untuk kehidupan.[1] Lingkungan yang laik huni tidak selalu mengandung kehidupan. Lihat pula Analog Bumi Kepler-1625b I, kemungkinan eksobulan dari eksoplanet Kepler-1625b Referensi ^ Dyches, Preston; Chou, Felcia (7 April 2015). The Solar System and Beyond is Awash in Water. NASA. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2015.  lbs...

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

 

Special Air Service

Special forces of the British ArmyNot to be confused with Australian Special Air Service Regiment, Canadian Special Air Service Company, New Zealand Special Air Service, or Rhodesian Special Air Service. Special Air ServiceSpecial Air Service insigniaActive1941–19451947–present[1][2][3]CountryUnited KingdomBranchBritish ArmyTypeSpecial forcesRoleSpecial operationsCounter-terrorismSizeThree regiments[nb 1]Part ofUnited Kingdom Special ForcesGarrison/HQR...