Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM) is a research institute affiliated with Wake Forest School of Medicine and located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States.

WFIRM's goal is to apply the principles of regenerative medicine to repair or replace diseased tissues and organs. Among other goals, WFIRM scientists are looking for ways to create insulin-producing cells in the laboratory, engineered blood vessels for heart bypass surgery and treat knee injuries through regenerated meniscus tissues.[1] WFIRM has also led two federal initiatives to regenerate tissues from battlefield injuries (AFIRM I and AFIRM II), with a combined funding of $160 million from the U.S. Department of Defense.[2] WFIRM is working to develop more than 40 different organs and tissues in the laboratory.

Anthony Atala, M.D., is the director of the institute, which is located in Wake Forest Innovation Quarter in downtown Winston-Salem. Atala was recruited by Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in 2004, and brought many of his team members from the Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapeutics at the Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School. Notable achievements announced at WFIRM have been the first lab-grown organ, a urinary bladder. The artificial urinary bladder was the first to be implanted into a human.[3][4] WFIRM research also discovered stem cells harvested from the amniotic fluid of pregnant women. These stems cells are pluripotent, meaning that they can be manipulated to differentiate into various types of mature cells that make up nerve, muscle, bone, and other tissues while avoiding the problems of tumor formation and ethical concerns that are associated with embryonic stem cells.[5] Research at WFIRM was also essential towards developing the field of bioprinting. This was first accomplished by converting a Hewlett Packard paper and ink printer to deposit cells, which is now on display at the National Museum of Health and Medicine.[6] Later, the more advanced Integrated Tissue-Organ Printer (ITOP) was developed at the institute.[7]

In 2019, the U.S. federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) provided a 5-year grant through BARDA to support further development of WFIRM technology to better understand damage to the body caused by inhaling chlorine gas. The technology is called "lung-on-a-chip" and is a part of a "miniaturized system of human organs" developed by WFIRM that can allow researchers to create models of the body's response to harmful agents.[8]

The Institute also is involved in research on energy fields and the human biofield. This led to a retracted article on Energy Medicine. [9]

References

  1. ^ Costa, João B.; Park, Jihoon; Jorgensen, Adam M.; Silva-Correia, Joana; Reis, Rui L.; Oliveira, Joaquim M.; Atala, Anthony; Yoo, James J.; Lee, Sang Jin (2020-10-13). "3D Bioprinted Highly Elastic Hybrid Constructs for Advanced Fibrocartilaginous Tissue Regeneration". Chemistry of Materials. 32 (19): 8733–8746. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03556. ISSN 0897-4756. PMC 8294671. PMID 34295019.
  2. ^ "A Record of Firsts". Wake Forest School of Medicine. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  3. ^ "Lab-grown bladders 'a milestone'". BBC News. 3 April 2006.
  4. ^ Atala A, Bauer SB, Soker S, Yoo JJ, Retik AB (April 2006). "Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty". Lancet. 367 (9518): 1241–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68438-9. PMID 16631879. S2CID 17892321.
  5. ^ Weiss, Rick (8 January 2007). "Scientists See Potential In Amniotic Stem Cells". The Washington Post.
  6. ^ "National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM): Military Medical Museum Acquires Prototype "Bioprinter" From Wake Forest Institute For Regenerative Medicine". www.medicalmuseum.mil. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  7. ^ Kang, Hyun-Wook; Lee, Sang Jin; Ko, In Kap; Kengla, Carlos; Yoo, James J; Atala, Anthony (March 2016). "A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (3): 312–319. doi:10.1038/nbt.3413. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 26878319. S2CID 9073831.
  8. ^ Kovaleski, Dave (2019-10-11). "HHS gives grant to study impact of chlorine gas on lungs". Homeland Preparedness News. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
  9. ^ “I absolutely stand by the validity of the science” says author of energy field paper now flagged by journal – Retraction Watch


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