When the county came into being in 1999, the city of Wałbrzych was not part of its territory, although it served as the county seat. As of 2003 the city county (powiat grodzki) of Wałbrzych was incorporated into Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych became again a separate city county starting from 1 January 2013 and is no longer part of the Wałbrzych County (powiat wałbrzyski).[2]
As of 2019 the total population of the county is 55,820. The most populated towns are Boguszów-Gorce with 15,368 inhabitants and Głuszyca with 6,361 inhabitants.
The county is subdivided into eight gminas (three urban, two urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.