Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit

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People's Socialist Movement of Germany/Labour Party Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit
Leader	Friedhelm Busse
Founded	1971
Banned	1982
Succeeded by	Nationalist Front (Germany)
Ideology	Strasserism Neo-Nazism
Political position	Far-right
Party flag

Politics of Germany Political parties Elections

The Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit (VSBD/PdA) or People's Socialist Movement of Germany/Labour Party was a German neo-Nazi organization led by Friedhelm Busse.

Founded in 1971 and banned in 1982, it used a stylized eagle on a shield bearing a stylized Celtic cross and the Wolfsangel as its party emblems. At a time when the far-right in Germany was distancing itself from mainstream Nazism, the VSBD/PdA took the lead by supporting Strasserism, the more socialist-leaning version of Nazism.^[1] The Junge Front (Young Front), a youth movement attached to the party, was also organised.^[2]

Despite its name, the movement was not a registered party, which allowed the German Minister of the Interior to ban it in 1982 as an organization opposing the constitution. Usage of the stylized Celtic cross was outlawed as well unless used in an innocuous context.^[3] Soon afterwards, many of its former members founded the Nationalist Front, which can be seen as a successor to the VSBD/PdA.

References

^ C.T. Husbands, 'Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany' in L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, 1992, pp. 99–100.
^ P. Davies & D. Lynch, The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right, London: Routledge, 2002. p. 300.
^ Isoliertes Verwenden eines stilisierten Keltenkreuzes grundsätzlich strafbar, press release of the Bundesgerichtshof, 14 November 2008. (in German).

Neo-Nazism

Groups

Extant

Germany and Austria	Autonome Nationalisten Artgemeinschaft The III. Path The Right National Democratic Party of Germany Nipsters
Europe	Alliance for Peace and Freedom Alliansen Authentic Croatian Party of Rights Bosnian Movement of National Pride British Movement Combat 18 Dutch People's Union Ethnic National Union Golden Dawn Kohti Vapautta! Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia Imperium Europa Leviathan Movement Metapedia National Alliance National Socialism / White Power National Socialist Movement of Denmark Nordic Resistance Movement November 9th Society Order of Nine Angles Republic Movement Vigrid Workers' Party of Social Justice
International	Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging American Front Anti-Communist Action Antipodean Resistance Aryan Brotherhood Aryan Freedom Network Aryan Guard Aryan Nations Atomwaffen Division The Barnes Review The Base Black Order Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging Blood & Honour Creativity The Daily Stormer Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38 Identity Evropa Imperial Klans of America Iron March Keystone United Lads Society Misanthropic Division National Socialism Association National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party National Socialist Movement (United States) National Vanguard NSDAP/AO (1972) Patriot Front Renegade Tribune Rise Above Movement The Right Stuff Stormfront Tsagaan Khas Vanguard America White Aryan Resistance White power skinheads World Union of National Socialists

Defunct

Germany and Austria	Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists Deutsche Heidnische Front Deutsche Reichspartei Free German Workers' Party Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front German Alternative German Social Union The Immortals Landig Group National Democratic Party (Austria) Nationalist Front (Germany) National Offensive National Socialist Underground Socialist Reich Party Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit Wiking-Jugend
Europe	Avanguardia Nazionale Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw Boot Boys CEDADE European Liberation Front Fédération d'action nationale et européenne Format18 French and European Nationalist Party Hungarian National Front Heathen Front Nacionalni stroj National Action National Socialist Action Party National Socialist Front National Socialist Irish Workers Party National Socialist Movement (UK) National Socialist Movement of Norway Northern Brotherhood Russian National Socialist Party Nordic Realm Party Norwegian Front Norwegian Germanic Army Order of Flemish Militants Ordine Nero Ordine Nuovo Party of the Danes Party of the Swedes Pax Hungarica Movement Patriot of Ukraine Slavic Union Pamyat Russian National Union Russian National Unity Volkspartei der Schweiz White Aryan Resistance (Sweden) Workers' Party
International	American Nazi Party Aryan Republican Army Australian Defence League Australian National Socialist Party Australia First Party Azure Party Canadian Nazi Party The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord Heritage Front National Action (Australia) National Alliance National Renaissance Party National Socialist Party of America National Socialist League National Socialist Liberation Front National Socialist Party of Australia National Socialist Party of New Zealand National Unity Party of Canada Nationalist Front (United States) New Triumph Party The Order Patrol 36 SUMKA Traditionalist Worker Party Unit 88 United Patriots Front White Revolution

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