Vichy Pastilles

Vichy Pastilles
A box of Vichy Pastilles.
TypeConfectionery
Place of originFrance
Region or stateVichy

Vichy Pastilles (French: pastilles Vichy), less often pastilles of Vichy (pastilles de Vichy), are a French confectionery invented in 1825 and produced in the spa town of Vichy in central France. They are recognizable as a white, octagonal type of candy pastille bearing the word "Vichy" in all-caps.

Ownership

The Vichy Pastilles brand belonged to the Vichy-État Company in 1940.[1] It was acquired by Cadbury France, a division of Cadbury, in 2003.[2] It later belonged to Kraft Foods (later known as Mondelez International).[2] In 2016, it was purchased by French company Eurazeo for 250 million Euros.[2]

History

The pastilles were invented in 1825 in Vichy, a spa town in the department of Allier, France.[3][4] As early as 1839, they were originally made purely from bicarbonate of soda and taken for their digestive properties.[5] Empress Eugénie de Montijo is said to have been a fan.[3] Later, they were made with mineral salts extracted from the local spring water.[3][6] Nowadays, they include sugar and are flavoured with mint, lemon, or aniseed.[3]

The pastilles were mentioned by French author Guy de Maupassant in his short story, The Magic Couch.[7]

During World War II, the sweets were used as "branding and marketing" by Vichy France.[6] By August 1942, shops in Vichy gave Vichy pastilles to customers, while other victuals were rationed.[8] However, the mayor of Vichy decided to mark sweets as cheese on their ration cards to avoid running out of them.[8]

In Einstein's Beets: An Examination of Food Phobias, American author Alexander Theroux opines that due to its connotation to Vichy France, "many French citizens are still made uneasy" by hearing the phrase.[9] In The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936-2016, Manuel Bragança and Peter Tame agree, as they argue that Vichy France's use of the sweets as propaganda eventually "backfired."[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Body, Jacques (1991). Jean Giraudoux: The Legend and the Secret. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780838634073. OCLC 869150657.
  2. ^ a b c Lorut, Denis (April 12, 2016). "Les pastilles Vichy redeviennent françaises". La Montagne. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d France. Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet. 2017. ISBN 9781786573254. OCLC 983481938.
  4. ^ Granville, Augustus Bozzi (1859). The Mineral springs of Vichy. London, U.K.: Churchill. p. i. OCLC 504881624. Vichy Pastilles.
  5. ^ "Properties of the Blood". The Lancet. 1: 637. 1839. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)83945-9. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Bragança, Manuel; Tame, Peter (2015). The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936-2016. New York City: Berghahn Books. p. 136. ISBN 9781782381532. OCLC 946968757.
  7. ^ "The Magic Couch". The Literature Network. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Cointet, Michèle (1993). "La Ville". Vichy capitale 1940-1944 (in French). Paris: Perrin. pp. 93–120. ISBN 9782262010133. OCLC 410952762 – via Cairn.info.
  9. ^ Theroux, Alexander (2017). Einstein's Beets: An Examination of Food Phobias. Seattle, Washington: Fantagraphics Books. p. 410. ISBN 9781606999769. OCLC 1002177582.

Read other articles:

Aftershine (grup musik)

AftershineInformasi latar belakangNama lainTengah Malam(sebelum menjadi Aftershine)AsalKabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaGenrePop JawadangdutkoploTahun aktif2019–sekarangAnggota Hasan Aftershine Andika Permana Putra Hedo Anka Pindo Zulian Achmad Yuniarto Agus Nugroho Yuriko Andrianta Aftershine (sebelumnya bernama Tengah Malam) adalah sebuah grup musik bergenre pop Jawa dan koplo asal Indonesia. Grup musik ini berasal dari Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Anggota Nama...

 

 

Focke-Wulf Fw 190 operational history

History of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Main article: Focke-Wulf Fw 190 An Fw 190 A-8/R2 in American hands The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was used by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War in a variety of roles. Like the Messerschmitt Bf 109, the Fw 190 was employed as a workhorse, and proved suitable for a wide variety of roles, including air superiority fighter, strike fighter, ground-attack aircraft, escort fighter, and operated with less success as a night fighter. It served on ...

 

 

Atol Johnston

Gambar satelit Atol Johnston Atol Johnston adalah sebuah atol seluas 2,8 km² yang terletak di Samudra Pasifik bagian utara pada koordinat 16°45' LU 169°30' BB[pranala nonaktif permanen]. Letaknya sekitar sepertiga jarak perjalanan dari Hawaii ke Kepulauan Marshall. Dia terdiri dari empat pulau kecil: Johnston, Sand, Akau dan Hikina. Berbeda dengan kedua pulau lainnya, pulau Akau dan Hikina merupakan pulau buatan yang terbentuk dari pengerukan koral. Sebagai bagian dari Kepulau...

CDX2

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens CDX2IdentifiersAliasesCDX2, CDX-3, CDX2/AS, CDX3, caudal type homeobox 2, Cdx2External IDsOMIM: 600297 MGI: 88361 HomoloGene: 968 GeneCards: CDX2 Gene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 13 (human)[1]Band13q12.2Start27,960,918 bp[1]End27,969,315 bp[1]Gene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2]Band5 G3|5 86.86 cMStart147,237,615 bp[2]End147,244,080 bp[2]RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ort...

 

 

Piemonte

Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Piemonte (định hướng). Piemonte'—  Vùng của Ý  — Hiệu kỳHuy hiệuPiemonteQuốc giaÝThủ phủ[[Torino]]Diện tích • Tổng cộng25,399 km2 (9,807 mi2)Dân số ({{{pop_date}}}){{{pop_ref}}} • Tổng cộng4,401,266 • Mật độ170/km2 (450/mi2)Múi giờCET (UTC+1) • Mùa hè (DST)CEST (UTC+2)Mã ISO ...

 

 

Lindsay Mendez

Lindsay Mendez nel 2018 Lindsay Michelle Mendez (Norwalk, 1º marzo 1983) è un'attrice e cantante statunitense, nota soprattutto come interprete di musical. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Teatro (parziale) 3 Filmografia 3.1 Televisione 4 Riconoscimenti 5 Doppiatrici italiane 6 Note 7 Altri progetti 8 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Nata e cresciuta in California in una famiglia di origini messicane, ebraiche e russe, Lindsay Mendez ha esordito a Broadway nel 2007, interpretanto Jan in Grease.[1]...

Nawagunjara

Nawagunjara Nawagunjara atau Nabagunjara[1] (Dewanagari: नवगुंजर; ,IAST: Navaguṅjara, नवगुंजर) adalah makhluk dalam mitologi Hindu yang terbentuk dari sembilan bagian tubuh makhluk yang berbeda-beda. Makhluk ini menjadi ragam hias yang lazim dalam lukisan bergaya Pata-Chitra, di negara bagian Odisha, India. Menurut keyakinan Hindu, makhluk tersebut dianggap sebagai wujud astral dari Dewa Wisnu, atau Kresna yang diyakini sebagai awatara Wisnu. Ma...

 

 

Франц (герцог Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский)

Франц Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдскийнем. Franz von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld герцог Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский 8 сентября 1800 — 9 декабря 1806 Предшественник Эрнст Фридрих Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Преемник Эрнст I Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Рождение 15 июля 1750(1750-07-15)Кобург, Сакс...

 

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

محمد عايش (إعلامي)

  هذه المقالة عن إعلامي وصحفي فلسطيني. لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع محمد عايش (توضيح). محمد عايش معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1979 (العمر 44–45 سنة)  عَمَّان  الإقامة المملكة المتحدة  مواطنة دولة فلسطين  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة مؤتة (الشهادة:بكالوريوس) (–2001)  الم�...

 

 

Enlil

Ancient Mesopotamian god This article is about the Mesopotamian deity. For the fictional character in the video games The Conduit and Conduit 2, see Enlil (The Conduit). Elil redirects here. For the Fall of Efrafa album, see Elil (album). EnlilGod of the Wind, Air, the Earth, and StormsStatuette of Enlil sitting on his throne from the site of Nippur, dated to 1800–1600 BC, now on display in the Iraq MuseumCuneiform𒀭𒂗𒆤AbodeNippurSymbolHorned crownPersonal informationParentsAn and Ki...

 

 

Besnate

Peta wilayah Komune Besnate (merah) di Provinsi Varese (emas), Lombardia, Italia. Besnate komune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaDaerah di ItaliaLombardyProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Varese NegaraItalia Ibu kotaBesnate PendudukTotal5.475  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah7,48 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian296 m Berbatasan denganCavaria con Premezzo Albizzate Gallarate Jerago con Orago Mornago Arsago Seprio Sumirago SejarahSanto pelindungMartinus dari Tours Informasi tambah...

نادي فرنسا

نادي فرنسا تأسس عام 1900  البلد فرنسا  المدرب هيلينيو هيريرا (1 يوليو 1945–30 يونيو 1948)  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   نادي ملعب فرنسا لكرة القدم (بالفرنسية: Stade Français Football)‏ نادي كرة قدم فرنسي .[1][2][3] يقع مقره في ضاحية فاكريسون الباريسي...

 

 

Droylsden railway station

Not to be confused with Droylsden tram stop. Former railway station in England DroylsdenThe site of the station in 2010General informationLocationDroylsden, TamesideEnglandCoordinates53°29′21″N 2°08′11″W / 53.4893°N 2.1364°W / 53.4893; -2.1364Platforms4Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOriginal companyAshton, Stalybridge & Liverpool Junction RailwayPre-groupingLancashire and Yorkshire RailwayLondon and North Western RailwayPost-groupingLondon, Midlan...

 

 

Candidatura de Unidad Popular

Candidatura de Unidad PopularCandidatura d'Unitat Popular Portavoz del Secretariado Nacional Edgar FernándezPortavoz parlamentario Daniel CornellàFundación 1987[a]​1991[b]​Ideología Independentismo catalán[1]​Socialismo[1]​Feminismo[2]​Democracia directa[3]​Anticapitalismo[4]​Pancatalanismo[5]​[6]​Euroescepticismo[7]​[8]​Posición Izquierda[9]​[10]​ a extrema izquierda[11]​[12]​Sede Calle de Caspe, ...

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle PengarangBeatrix PotterIlustratorBeatrix PotterNegaraInggrisBahasaInggrisGenreNovel anak-anakPenerbitFrederick Warne & CoTanggal terbit1905Jenis mediaPrint (Hardback)ISBNISBN NA Invalid ISBNDidahului olehThe Tale of Two Bad Mice Diikuti olehThe Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan  The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle adalah buku anak-anak yang ditulis dan diilustrasikan oleh Beatrix Potter, seorang pengarang dari Inggris. Diterb...

 

 

Joyce Country

Cultural region in the west of Ireland This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Joyce Country – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Joyce Country highlighted in green, and Connemara highlighted in red Joyce Country (Irish: Dúiche Sheoig...

 

 

User talk:HudecEmil

Welcome! Hello, HudecEmil, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as One person, one vote, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's content policies and may not be retained. In short, the topic of an article must be notable and have already been the subject of publication by reliable and independent sources. Please review Your first article for an overview of the article creation process. The Article Wiz...

小ロシア

この項目では、小ルーシについて説明しています。チャイコフスキー作曲の楽曲については「交響曲第2番 (チャイコフスキー)」を、ロシア帝国の県については「小ロシア県」を、その他のルーシについては「ルーシ」をご覧ください。 小ロシア   小ロシアの範囲（1347年）。   小ロシアの範囲（17世紀初頭）。   小ロシアの範囲（1649年 - 1667年）。...

 

 

A. Sreedhara Menon

Indian historian (1925-2010) A. Sreedhara MenonA. Sreedhara MenonBorn(1925-12-18)18 December 1925Kingdom of Cochin, British IndiaDied23 July 2010(2010-07-23) (aged 84)Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, IndiaAlma mater Maharaja's College, Cochin (Bachelor's Degree – English) Madras University (Master's Degree – History) Harvard University (Master's Degree – Political Science) Occupations Historian Academic University Registrar Notable work Kerala District Gazetteers (Editor, 1958–19...