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Velutina
	Velutina velutina shell
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Velutinoidea
Family:	Velutinidae
Genus:	Velutina; Fleming, 1820
Type species
	Velutina vulgaris; Fleming, 1820
Synonyms
	Velutella Gray, 1847;

Velutina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Velutinidae.^[2]

Species

Species within the genus Velutina include:

Velutina coriacea (Pallas, 1788)
Velutina cryptospira Middendorff, 1848
Velutina plicatilis (Müller, 1776)^[3]
Velutina pulchella Derjugin, 1950
Velutina schneideri Friele, 1886^[4]
Velutina tarasovi Derjugin, 1950
Velutina velutina (Müller, 1776)^[5]

Species brought into synonymy

Velutina beringensis Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Cartilagovelutina beringensis (Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina bifasciata Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839)
Velutina canaliculata Kröyer, 1847 : synonym of Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839)
Velutina capillata Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Ciliatovelutina capillata (Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina capuloidea Blainville, 1824 : synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina chondrina Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Cartilagovelutina chondrina (Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina conica Dall, 1886 : synonym of Velutina prolongata Carpenter, 1864
Velutina cristata Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Cartilagovelutina cristata (Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina derjugini Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Velutina prolongata Carpenter, 1864
Velutina flexilis (Montagu, 1808) : synonym of Velutina plicatilis (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina fraudatrix Golikov & Kussakin, 1962 : synonym of Velutina tarasovi Derjugin, 1950
Velutina glabrata Golikov & Kussakin, 1962 : synonym of Velutina coriacea (Pallas, 1788)
Velutina haliotidea (Fabricius, 1780) : synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina insculpta Odhner, 1913^[6] Limneria insculpta (Odhner, 1913)
Velutina laevigata "(O. F. Müller, 1777)": synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina lanata Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Ciliatovelutina lanata (Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina lanigera Møller, 1842:^[7] synonym of Ciliatovelutina lanigera (Møller, 1842)
Velutina litoralis Golikov & Kussakin, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967 : synonym of Velutina coriacea (Pallas, 1788)
Velutina nana Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Ciliatovelutina nana (Derjugin, 1950)
Velutina ochotensis Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839)
Velutina pellucida Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Velutina coriacea (Pallas, 1788)
Velutina prolongata Carpenter, 1864 : synonym of Limneria prolongata (Carpenter, 1864)
Velutina rupicola Conrad, 1831 : synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina schantarica Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of Velutina cryptospira Middendorff, 1848
Velutina sitkensis A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of Velutina plicatilis (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina striata Macgillivray, 1843 : synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina undata Smith J., 1839:^[8] synonym of Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839)
Velutina ventricosa Golikov, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1985 : synonym of Velutina coriacea (Pallas, 1788)
Velutina vulgaris Fleming, 1820 : synonym of Velutina velutina (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Velutina zonata Gould, 1841 : synonym of Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839)

Description

The shell is thin, mostly external, calcareous, auriform, paucispiral and invested by a velvety epidermis.^[9] The spire is lateral and diminutive.^[9] The suture is well impressed.^[9] The aperture is very large and rounded with the thin, almost continuous lip.^[9] The columellar lip is a little reflected.^[9] There is no operculum or umbilicus.^[9]

The oval animal is convex above and little spiral. It has a large oblong foot.^[9] The margin of the mantle is developed and more or less reflected over the edge of the shell.^[9] The head is broad and depressed.^[9] The two large tentacles are subulate, blunt, far apart, with eyes sessile on prominences at their outer bases.^[9] The mouth has a short tube.

The formula of the radula is 2·1·1·1·2.^[9] The central tooth is subquadrangular, multicuspid; the central cusps are very long and sharp; lateral teeth are multicuspid, marginals are narrow, with a few obsolete denticles on the margin.^[9]

Species in the genus Velutina resemble the pulmonate genus Otina, but Velutina are strictly marine.^[9] Sometimes they are found out at sea, but usually live among stones near low tide.^[9]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.^[9]

^ Fleming (1820). Brewster's Edin. Ency. 14(2): 626.
^ ^a ^b WoRMS (2009). Velutina Fleming, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138631 on 17 June 2011
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina plicatilis (Müller O.F., 1776). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141902 on 2010-08-19
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina schneideri Friele, 1886. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141903 on 2010-08-19
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina velutina (Müller O.F., 1776). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141905 on 2010-08-19
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina insculpta Odhner, 1913. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=180997 on 2010-08-19
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina lanigera Møller, 1842. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141901 on 2010-08-19
^ Gofas, S. (2009). Velutina undata Smith J., 1839. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141904 on 2010-08-19
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Tryon G. W. (1886). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Volume 8. Naticidae, Capyptraeidae, Turritellidae, Vermetidae, Caecidae, Eulimidae, Turbonillidae, Pyramidellidae. 461 pp., 79 plates. page 12-13. Plate 1, figure 8.