Vanessa Julia Ruta is an American neuroscientist known for her work on the structure and function of chemosensory circuits underlying innate and learned behaviors in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. She is the Gabrielle H. Reem and Herbert J. Kayden Associate Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior at The Rockefeller University[1] and, as of 2021, an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.[2]
Ruta graduated summa cum laude from Hunter College in Chemistry in 2000. She went on to perform doctoral research in the laboratory of Rod Mackinnon, earning her Ph.D. in Biology from The Rockefeller University in 2005. In Mackinnon's lab, she played a critical role in solving the structure of the voltage-dependent potassium ion channel. Her graduate work investigated the structural biology and function of potassium channels. These deeply conserved proteins conduct ions across biological membranes and are targets of toxin including those produced by the tarantula. Vanessa worked out the mechanism by which spider toxins bind the voltage sensor domain of potassium channels. As a postdoctoral fellow with Richard Axel at Columbia University, Ruta switched fields to the analysis of how the brain encodes both innate and learned stimuli and discovered a sexually dimorphic circuit that drives male fly responses to a pheromone,[4] and traced the activity of the circuit from the periphery to the motor output.[5] She joined the faculty at The Rockefeller University in 2011.[6]
Career
In work that bridged her postdoc and the establishment of her own independent group her at Rockefeller University, Ruta demonstrated that the mushroom body encodes information using a rewriteable random access memory architecture.[7] Her lab has elucidated brain circuits that control male fly responses to female pheromones,[8] demonstrated that the memory center of the fly brain uses compartmentalized dopamine modulation to encode behaviors,[9] described the evolution of central neural circuits underlying courtship decisions in Drosophila[10] and solved the structure of the invertebrate olfactory receptor co-receptor (Orco).[11]
Her work on the structure of insect odorant receptors—a potential target for new insect repellents—has been funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.[12]
For her PhD work, Ruta received the Harold M. Weintraub Graduate Student Award in 2005. She has received a number of junior faculty awards, including the New York Stem Cell Foundation–Robertson Neuroscience Investigator Award (2012), the McKnight Neuroscience Scholar Award (2012), the Pew Biomedical Scholar Award (2012), the Sinsheimer Fund Scholar Award (2012), the Irma T. Hirschl/Monique Weill-Caulier Trust Research Award (2013), and the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Neuroscience (2013). In 2013, Ruta received the National Institutes of Health Director’s New Innovator Award, for a project that aims to connect neural plasticity to learning and memory.[14] She was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 2019.[15][16][17]
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Joan Gralla (2019-09-25). "LIer a 2019 MacArthur 'genius' grant recipient". Newsday. Retrieved 2019-09-29. Six geniuses live in New York City: theater artist Annie Dorsen, 45; Mary Halvorson, 38, a jazz and rock guitarist and composer; Saidiya Hartman, 58, a Columbia University professor who traced "the aftermath of slavery in modern American life"; contemporary dance choreographer Sarah Michelson, 55; artist Cameron Rowland, 30, for portraying systemic racism; and neuroscientist Vanessa Ruta, 45, who explores stimuli that affect neural circuits and behaviors, the foundation said.
^Datta, Sandeep Robert; Vasconcelos, Maria Luisa; Ruta, Vanessa; Luo, Sean; Wong, Allan; Demir, Ebru; Flores, Jorge; Balonze, Karen; Dickson, Barry J; Axel, Richard (2008). "The Drosophila pheromone cVA activates a sexually dimorphic neural circuit". Nature. 452 (7186): 473–7. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..473D. doi:10.1038/nature06808. PMID18305480. S2CID4421654.
^Ruta, Vanessa; Datta, Sandeep Robert; Vasconcelos, Maria Luisa; Freeland, Jessica; Looger, Loren L; Axel, Richard (2010). "A dimorphic pheromone circuit in Drosophila from sensory input to descending output". Nature. 468 (7324): 686–90. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..686R. doi:10.1038/nature09554. PMID21124455. S2CID4412743.
