UL 94

Printed circuit board with the mark "94V-0" in the bottom-left corner

UL 94, the Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing, is a plastics flammability standard released by Underwriters Laboratories of the United States.[1] The standard determines the material's tendency to either extinguish or spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited. UL-94 is now harmonized with IEC 60695-11-10 and 60695-11-20 and ISO 9772 and 9773.[2]

The VW-1 (vertical wire burn) rating is sometimes erroneously associated with UL 94, but it (and some other flammability tests) is described by UL 1581 (Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords).

Classifications

From lowest (Least flame-retardant) to highest (Most flame-retardant):

  • HB: slow burning on a horizontal specimen; burning rate < 76 mm/min for thickness < 3 mm or burning stops before 100 mm
  • V-2: burning stops within 30 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of flaming particles are allowed.
  • V-1: burning stops within 30 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed.
  • V-0: burning stops within 10 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not inflamed.
  • 5VB: burning stops within 60 seconds on a vertical specimen; no drips allowed; plaque specimens may develop a hole.
  • 5VA: burning stops within 60 seconds on a vertical specimen; no drips allowed; plaque specimens may not develop a hole.

Tests

Tests are generally conducted on a 5 × 1⁄2 in (127 × 12.7 mm) specimen of the minimum approved thickness. For 5VA and 5VB ratings, tests are performed on both bar and plaque specimens, and the flame ignition source is approximately five times as severe as that used for testing the other materials.

Foam and films

There are other classifications that apply to low density foam materials (HF-1, HF-2, HBF) and thin films (VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2).

  • HF-2: burning stops within 3 seconds; afterglow less than 30s; burning drips allowed.
  • HF-1: burning stops within 2 seconds; afterglow less than 30s; no burning drips allowed.

See also

References

  1. ^ "UL 94, Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances". UL. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Combustion (Fire) Tests". UL. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

Read other articles:

Brooke's Point

Peta menunjukkan lokasi Brooke's Point Brooke's Point adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Palawan, Filipina. Pada tahun 2010, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 57.499 jiwa dan 12.449 rumah tangga. Pembagian wilayah Pada tahun 2007, wilayah Munisipalitas Taytay telah terbagi menjadi 18 barangay.[1] Nama-nama barangay di Munisipalitas Taytay ialah:[butuh rujukan] Amas Aribungos Barong-barong Calasaguen Imulnod Ipilan Maasin Mainit Malis Mambalot Oring-oring ...

 

1 Korintus 15

1 Korintus 15Surat 1 Korintus 7:33-8:4 yang tertulis pada naskah Papirus 15, dibuat sekitar abad ke-3 M.KitabSurat 1 KorintusKategoriSurat-surat PaulusBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruUrutan dalamKitab Kristen7← pasal 14 pasal 16 → 1 Korintus 15 (atau I Korintus 15, disingkat 1Kor 15) adalah bagian surat rasul Paulus yang pertama kepada jemaat di Korintus dalam Perjanjian Baru di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Dikarang oleh rasul Paulus dan Sostenes[3] di Efesu...

 

American lower class

Social class in the United States The socio-economic stratification of American society as outlined by Dennis Gilbert.[1] Employment status of householders in the bottom quintile in 2004.[2] In the United States, the lower class are those at or near the lower end of the socio-economic hierarchy. As with all social classes in the United States, the lower class is loosely defined and its boundaries and definitions subject to debate and ambiguous popular opinions. Sociologists su...

Jim Risch

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Risch (homonymie). Jim Risch Portait officiel de Jim Risch (2009). Fonctions Sénateur des États-Unis En fonction depuis le 3 janvier 2009(15 ans, 3 mois et 10 jours) Élection 4 novembre 2008 Réélection 4 novembre 20143 novembre 2020 Circonscription Idaho Législature 111e, 112e, 113e, 114e, 115e, 116e, 117e et 118e Groupe politique Républicain Prédécesseur Larry Craig Président du Comité des affaires étrangères du Sénat des États...

 

Sultanato de Sulu

سلطنة سولو دار الإسلام Sultanato de Sulu Sultanato ←  ←  ← 1405 – 1915 →  →   →  → Bandeira Localização de Sulu Continente Ásia Região Sudeste da Ásia Capital Jolo Língua oficial Árabe (Oficial), Tausug, Bajau, Bisaya, Banguingui, Línguas Malaias Religião Islã Sunita Governo Monarquia Constitucional Sultão  • 1457 – 1480 Xarife ul-Hāshim de Sulu  • 1480 – 1505 Sultão Kamalud-Din  • 150...

 

COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda

Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and BarbudaDiseaseCOVID-19Virus strainSARS-CoV-2LocationAntigua and BarbudaFirst outbreakWuhan, Hubei, ChinaArrival date10 March 2020(4 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 5 days)Date6 July 2021Confirmed cases9,106[1]Active cases1[2]Recovered1,222[2]Deaths146[1]Vaccinations64,290[1] (total vaccinated)62,384[1] (fully vaccinated)136,512[1] (dos...

Vauxhall 30-98

Vauxhall 30-98 / E-TypeUna Vauxhall 30-98 OE Velox torpedo del 1924Descrizione generaleCostruttore Vauxhall Motors Tipo principaleTorpedo Altre versioniCoupéBerlina Produzionedal 1913 al 1927 Sostituisce laVauxhall Prince Henry Sostituita daVauxhall 20-60 Altre caratteristicheDimensioni e massaPasso2896-2997[1] mm AltroAssemblaggioLuton, Inghilterra ProgettoLaurence Pomeroy La 30-98 è un'autovettura prodotta dalla Vauxhall dal 1913 al 1915 e dal 1919 al 1927. Dagli ap...

 

Mijoo

South Korean singer and entertainer (born 1994) In this Korean name, the family name is Lee. MijooMijoo in May 2019BornLee Mi-joo (1994-09-23) September 23, 1994 (age 29)Okcheon County, North Chungcheong Province, South KoreaOccupationsSingerdancertelevision hostMusical careerGenresK-popInstrument(s)VocalsYears active2014–presentLabelsWoollimAntennaMember ofLovelyzWebsiteOfficial website Musical artistKorean nameHangul이승아Hanja李勝雅Revised RomanizationI Seung-aMcCune–Reischa...

 

Now and on Earth

1942 novel by Jim Thompson Now and on Earth First editionAuthorJim ThompsonCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishPublisherModern AgePublication date1942Media typePrint Now and On Earth is a 1942 novel by Jim Thompson. It was his first published novel.[1] Plot Set in San Diego during World War II, it is a semi-autobiographical novel of the author's life working in an airplane manufacturing plant during the war years and the frustrations he endured there and in his personal life at th...

COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Vietnam COVID-19 pandemic in VietnamClockwise from top: Two Đà Nẵng CDC medical workers performing COVID-19 testsA policeman putting a mask on a man in Sóc Trăngwholesale marketretailers and buyers registering for COVID-19 rapid tests in Lĩnh Nam ward, Hoàng Mai District, HanoiPAVN personnel disinfecting Bạch Mai Hospital DiseaseCOVID-19Virus strainSARS-CoV-2LocationVietnamFirst outbreakWuhan, Hubei, ChinaIndex caseHo Chi Minh CityArrival date23 Ja...

 

Club Crackers

Type of cracker Two Club Crackers Club Crackers are crackers made by the Kellogg Company.[1] They are somewhat similar in resemblance to saltines, but are rectangular and have 18 holes in a 3x6 pattern instead of the 13 holes in a 3-2-3-2-3 pattern that are on a saltine. Also, their short edges are even, not perforated. A square variant used in Club & Cheddar sandwich crackers retains the saltine shape and hole pattern. They have a buttery flavor and a large amount of fat, 3g per ...

 

العلاقات الجورجية اللاوسية

العلاقات الجورجية اللاوسية جورجيا لاوس   جورجيا   لاوس تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الجورجية اللاوسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين جورجيا ولاوس.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة جورجيا لاو...

Dua Mei 1808

Dua Mei 1808 (Penyerbuan Mameluk)SenimanFrancisco GoyaTahun1814MediumMinyak di kanvasUkuran266 cm × 345 cm (105 in × 136 in)LokasiMuseo del Prado, Madrid Dua Mei 1808, juga dikenal dengan nama Penyerbuan Mameluk (bahasa Spanyol: El 2 de mayo de 1808 en Madrid, La lucha con los mamelucos atau La carga de los mamelucos[1]) adalah lukisan karya Francisco Goya yang melengkapi lukisan Tiga Mei 1808. Lukisan ini berlatar di Calle de Alcalá di dek...

 

VitaCharm

VitaCharm adalah minuman probiotik mirip yoghurt yang diproduksi oleh PT Ultra Prima Pangan Abadi, salah satu anak usaha kelompok bisnis Cap Orang Tua. Merek ini pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1978. Sejarah VitaCharm VitaCharm mulai diproduksi oleh PT Pola Sehat Industri dari tahun 1978 di Jakarta (Pulo Gadung). Cakupan distribusi VitaCharm pada saat itu hanya pada modern trade di kota Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bandung, Cirebon, dan Surabaya. Pada bulan Juli 2003, seluruh aset VitaCha...

 

ساحة رمضان باي

ساحة رمضان بايلوحة الشارع لساحة رمضان باي الفرنسية والعربيةالتسميةأسماء أخرى بطحاء رمضان بايمعلومات عامةالتقسيم الإداري تونس البلد  تونس الإحداثيات 36°47′59″N 10°10′08″E / 36.799708°N 10.168944°E / 36.799708; 10.168944تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات إحدى جوانب ساحة رمضان ...

Deception

Causing someone to believe something that is not true For other uses, see Deception (disambiguation) and Deceit (disambiguation). This article has an unclear citation style. The reason given is: uses deprecated inline citations. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Deception is the act of convincing one or many recipients of untrue information. The person creating the...

 

Tour de Luxembourg 2021

Tour de Luxembourg 2021 Le peloton lors de la 2e étape à HabschtGénéralitésCourse81e Tour de LuxembourgCompétitionUCI ProSeries 2021 2.ProÉtapes5Dates14 – 18 septembre 2021Distance724,5 kmPays LuxembourgLieu de départLuxembourgLieu d'arrivéeLuxembourgÉquipes21Vitesse moyenne41,768 km/hRésultatsVainqueur João Almeida (Deceuninck-Quick Step)Deuxième Marc Hirschi (UAE Team Emirates)Troisième Mattia Cattaneo (Deceuninck-Quick Step)Classement par points João Almeida (Deceuninck-Qu...

 

Orang Hadza

HadzaWahadzaHadza di Distrik Karatu, Region ArushaJumlah populasi1.200–1.300[1]Daerah dengan populasi signifikan Tanzania Distrik Karatu, Region Arusha Lembah retakanBahasaHadza, Isanzu, Sukuma & SwahiliKelompok etnik terkaitTidak ada yang diketahui[2] Hadza, atau Hadzabe (Wahadzabe, dalam bahasa Swahili),[3][4] adalah kelompok etnis asli Tanzania yang merupakan pemburu-pengumpul yang dilindungi, terutama berbasis di Baray, sebuah wilayah administrat...

Non-binary gender

Gender identities that are neither exclusively male nor female Genderqueer redirects here. For the book, see Gender Queer. Non-binaryNon-binary pride flagClassificationGender identityAbbreviationsEnbyNBSymbolOther termsSynonymsGenderqueerAssociated termsthird gendergenderfluidtwo-spiritgender nonconforming Part of a series onLGBTQ topics       LesbianGayBisexualTransgenderQueer Sexual orientation and gender Aromanticism Asexuality Gray asexuality Biology Bisexual...

 

Sultanate of Darfur

Former state in north-east Africa This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Sultanate of Darfur – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Sultanate of Darfurسلطنة دارفور (Arabic)Salṭanat Dārfūr1603–18741898–1916Map of Da...