Tytuvėnai

Tytuvėnai
Town
Church of Blessed Virgin Mary, the Queen Of Angels
Church of Blessed Virgin Mary, the Queen Of Angels
Flag of Tytuvėnai
Flag
Coat of arms of Tytuvėnai
Coat of arms
Tytuvėnai is located in Lithuania
Tytuvėnai
Tytuvėnai
Location of Tytuvėnai
Coordinates: 55°36′0″N 23°12′0″E / 55.60000°N 23.20000°E / 55.60000; 23.20000
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
CountyŠiauliai County
MunicipalityKelmė district municipality
EldershipTytuvėnai eldership
Capital ofTytuvėnai eldership
First mentioned1500
Granted city rights1956
Population
 (2021)
 • Total
1,805
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Tytuvėnai (pronunciationⓘ) is a town in the Kelmė district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 17 km (11 mi) east of Kelmė.[1] It is known for its Bernardine monastery.[2][3]

History

The first church in the town was built in 1555. The construction of the monastery was initiated by Andrius Valavičius and his family, who returned to the Catholic faith after a wave of Counter-Reformation. The construction plans were prepared in 1614, but the construction started only after the death of Andrius Valavičius in 1618. Works were sponsored by Jeronimas Valavičius, the treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1633 the main part of monastery and church was completed. In 1772–1780 a courtyard was built, in which Stations of the Cross were placed.

Before World War II, Tytuvėnai was popular as a resort town due to its location among lakes and forests. In 1923, the town had 1164 inhabitants; 221 of them were Jews who made their living in agriculture and small trades. There was a synagogue and a Beth-Midrash in the town. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky was the rabbi of the Tytuvėnai Jewish community from 1926 until 1937, when he emigrated to America.[4]

During World War II, the town was under Soviet occupation from 1940, and then under German occupation from 1941 to 1944. Two mass executions in Tytuvėnai forest took place in August 1941, but before that, according to witnesses, about 30-40 Jews were taken by carts to Raseiniai and never came back. 15 Jewish men were shot during the first execution in Tytuvėnai forest. The second one took place about a week later, when women, children and the elderly were assembled in the synagogue, then brought to the forest in several trips and shot. Victims had to undress before the execution, while local villagers who were requisitioned to dig waited nearby to cover the bodies. About 160 Jewish women, children and the elderly were shot that day.[5][6][7]

  • Tytuvėnai Monastery
    Tytuvėnai Monastery
  • Tytuvėnai Monastery Church interior
    Tytuvėnai Monastery Church interior

References

  1. ^ "Tytuvėnai". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Tytuvėnų bažnyčia ir vienuolynas. Tytuvėnų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Angelų Karalienės bažnyčia". Tytuvenubaznycia.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Tytuvėnų buvęs bernardinų vienuolynas ir Švč. Mergelės Marijos bažnyčia". Vienuolynai.mch.mii.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  4. ^ "Tytuvėnai (Tsitevyan)". JewishGen. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  5. ^ "Yahad - in Unum".
  6. ^ Gochin, Grant Arthur (2022-11-12). "The slaughter of the Jews of Tytuvenai". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  7. ^ "Oral history interview with Elena Rimulaitienė". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2023-11-16.
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