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Typhoon Wayne (Katring)
	Typhoon Wayne on July 24
Meteorological history
Formed	July 21, 1983
Dissipated	July 26, 1983
Violent typhoon
	10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds	205 km/h (125 mph)
Lowest pressure	925 hPa (mbar); 27.32 inHg
Category 4-equivalent super typhoon
	1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds	250 km/h (155 mph)
Lowest pressure	920 hPa (mbar); 27.17 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities	147 total
Areas affected	Philippines, Taiwan, China
	IBTrACS
	Part of the 1983 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Wayne, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Katring, was an intense tropical cyclone that brought significant flooding to the Philippines in July 1983. The typhoon originated from an area of disturbed weather that formed far from land towards the end of July. Late on July 22, Wayne developed gale-force winds while moving west. The next day, it was estimated to have become a typhoon, and Wayne subsequently entered a period of rapid deepening. During the morning hours of July 24, the typhoon was estimated to have reached its peak intensity of 205 km/h (125 mph), but soon began to weaken due to interaction with land. By the time it moved ashore in southern China on July 25, Wayne had weakened considerably. After moving inland, Wayne weakened rapidly. The following day, Wayne was no longer a tropical cyclone.

Typhoon Wayne became the second typhoon to strike the Philippines within nine days. Furthermore, 42 people lost their lives in flood waters while attempting to cross a temporary bridge. A total of 28 persons were hurt and 39 were rescued, and there were initially reports of up to 200 people missing. Although Wayne passed south of Taiwan, moderate flooding was reported due to rough seas. Elsewhere, in China, Wayne was the fifth most intense typhoon on record to impact Fujian between 1960 and 2005. Throughout China, 440 persons were injured, 105 people died, and 30,000 dwellings collapsed. Overall, 147 people were killed due to Typhoon Wayne.

Meteorological history

Typhoon Wayne originated from an elongated surface trough west of Truk. Initially, the trough was poorly organized, but after 1200 UTC on July 21, satellite imagery indicated an increase in the organization and convective activity of the system. Based on this, a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued late on July 21 by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). Early the next day, Hurricane Hunters estimated that the system developed into a tropical depression, and the JTWC subsequently initialized warnings.^[1] Around this time, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started monitoring the system.^[2]^{[nb 1]}

During the next 24 hours, Wayne began to intensify and was soon upgraded into a tropical storm by the JTWC.^[1] The JMA first classified the low as a tropical storm at 1800 UTC on July 22 while the system generally moved west.^[2] By early July 23, the JTWC upgraded the storm into a typhoon^[1] while the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm.^[2] Around this time, aircraft reconnaissance revealed an eyewall and a small inner core.^[1] Six hours later, the JMA upgraded Wayne to a typhoon. Later that day, the JMA announced that Wayne attained winds of 160 km/h (100 mph).^[2] The storm continued to rapidly deepen, and within 24 hours, Typhoon Wayne had more than doubled in intensity according to the JTWC. Meanwhile, the cyclone moved westward along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge in a low wind shear environment.^[1] At 0600 UTC on July 24, the JTWC estimated that the storm attained peak intensity of 250 km/h (155 mph), a Category 4 hurricane-equivalent on the United States Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS). According to the JTWC, Wayne was also a super typhoon.^[1] Early on July 24, the JMA reported that Typhoon Wayne attained peak intensity of 200 km/h (125 mph) (equivalent to a Category 3 on the SSHWS), which it maintained for 12 hours before weakening slightly.^[2] As Super Typhoon Wayne passed north of Luzon, the low-level atmospheric circulation was disrupted north of the storm by the high terrain of Taiwan and thus Wayne weakened. Wayne then began a more northwestward track and made landfall approximately 560 km (350 mi) east of Hong Kong.^[1] At the time of landfall on July 25, the JMA estimated winds of 170 km/h (105 mph), equivalent to a mid-level Category 2 system on the SSHWS.^[2] Wayne struck the coast of China at typhoon strength according to JTWC, but rapidly dissipated as it moved inland over the mountainous terrain of southeastern China.^[1] By 0000 UTC on July 26, the JMA ceased monitoring Typhoon Wayne.^[2]

Impact and aftermath

Upon affecting the Philippines,^[4] Typhoon Wayne became the second system to strike Luzon in nine days^[5] after Typhoon Vera.^[6] There, 42 people lost their lives^[7] including two children and 12 woman^[8] when they drowned in flood waters while trying to cross a damaged,^[7] but temporary bridge that was built after the 1981 Pacific typhoon season. The bridge was 150 ft (45 m) long and 1 yd (0.91 m) wide^[8] and was responsible for connecting Talisay and Cebu. Many of the deceased were swept downstream the Mananga River, which was situated 2 ft (0.61 m) below the bridge.^[8] Additionally, 28 people were injured^[9] and 39 were rescued.^[10] Initially, an estimated 100 to 200 people were listed as missing,^[11] many of which were believed to have drowned in floodwaters.^[8] Many motorists were stranded due to flooding.^[12]

Despite veering south of Taiwan, Wayne generated high waves, which flooded farmland. A total of 1,482 acres (600 ha) of banana crops were flooded.^[13] Typhoon Wayne was the fifth most intense tropical cyclone to impact Fujian between 1960 and 2005.^[14] Heavy rainfall led to severe flooding in Fujian and Guangdong. Across China, 105 persons perished. In addition, 440 persons were injured and 30,000 dwellings collapsed. Although little damage was reported, winds of 43 km/h (27 mph) and gusts of 56 km/h (35 mph) were measured at Waglan Island. in Tai Po Kau, a slight storm surge was measured, peaking at 2.18 m (7.2 ft). Nearby, in Tatin's Carin, a peak rainfall total of 113.9 mm (4.48 in) was recorded.^[6]

Notes

^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Western Oceanography Center (1984). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1983 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Airforce. pp. 53–56. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989 (Report). Archived from the original (.TXT) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
^ "Typhoon Slams Philippines". Associated Press. July 24, 1983. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ "2nd Typhoon in 9 Days Batters Luzon Island". Toledo Blade. Associated Press. July 25, 1983. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Meteorological Results: 1983 (PDF) (Report). Hong Kong Royal Observatory. 1984. pp. 20–21. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Bridge collapse kills 42 people". United Press International. July 26, 1983. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Philippine bridge collapse, 150-200 feared killed". The Telegraph-Herald. United Press International. July 25, 1983. Retrieved October 5, 2013. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ "Hundred missing in typhoon rampage". United Press International. July 26, 1983. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ "100 Missing in Bridge Collapse". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. United Press International. July 27, 1983. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
^ "International News". United Press International. July 25, 1983.
^ "Bridge Collapse Kills 42 People". The Durant Daily Democrat. United Press International. July 26, 1983. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
^ "Intentional news". Associated Press. July 25, 1983. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^ Guy Carpenter (2007). "Typhoon Saomai: Impact and Historical Comparison" (PDF). GC portal. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2013.