Ever since the collapse of Soviet Union, Turkmenistan has qualified for two Asian Cups, in 2004 and 2019.

Turkmenistan reached the 2004 Asian Cup by finishing top of their qualifying group, ahead of the United Arab Emirates, a nation Turkmenistan defeated in the first game during qualifying. When they reached the 2004 edition, Turkmenistan could only manage one point, albeit against Saudi Arabia, who had reached the Asian Cup final in their previous five tournaments.

As Turkmenistan is still an emerging nation, qualifying for the AFC Asian Cup is their greatest achievement in history, especially since Turkmenistan had chances to reach the Asian Cup in 2011 and 2015 via the AFC Challenge Cup, only for North Korea to defeat Turkmenistan in the final on both instances. That was none more evident when the country qualified for the 2019 edition. Turkmenistan's road began with a shock 1–0 loss to Guam, before an impressive 1–1 draw against Iran in June 2015. Due to the expansion of 24 teams for the 2019 Asian Cup, Turkmenistan got a second chance to play additional qualifiers, with their qualification to the tournament confirmed on 14 November 2017 thanks to a 2–1 victory over Chinese Taipei in Group E. Their last qualifier, a 4–0 loss in Bahrain, meant Turkmenistan qualified for the tournament despite a negative goal difference.

Team	Pts	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD
Uzbekistan	9	3	3	0	0	3	0	+3
Iraq	6	3	2	0	1	5	4	+1
Turkmenistan	1	3	0	1	2	4	6	−2
Saudi Arabia	1	3	0	1	2	3	5	−2

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Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Japan	3	3	0	0	6	3	+3	9	Advance to knockout stage
2	Uzbekistan	3	2	0	1	7	3	+4	6
3	Oman	3	1	0	2	4	4	0	3
4	Turkmenistan	3	0	0	3	3	10	−7	0

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AFC Asian Cup
Year	Result	Position	GP	W	D*	L	GS	GA
1956 to 1988	Part of  Soviet Union
1992	Did not enter
1996	Did not qualify
2000
2004	Group Stage	12th	3	0	1	2	4	6
2007	Did not qualify
2011
2015
2019	Group Stage	21st	3	0	0	3	3	10
2023	To be determined
Total	Best: Group Stage	2/8	3	0	1	5	7	16