Trimalleolar fracture

See also: Bimalleolar fracture
Trimalleolar fracture
X-ray of trimalleolar fracture repair before and after ORIF surgery
SpecialtyOrthopedics

A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior malleolus. The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation.[1]

The three aforementioned parts of bone articulate with the talus bone of the foot. Strictly speaking, there are only two malleoli (medial and lateral), but the term trimalleolar is used nevertheless and as such is a misnomer. The trimalleolar fracture is also known as cotton fracture.

Treatment

X-ray of trimalleolar fracture repair with plate and nails

Surgical repair using open reduction and internal fixation is generally required, and because there is no lateral restraint of the foot, the ankle cannot bear any weight while the bone knits. This typically takes six weeks in an otherwise healthy person, but can take as much as twelve weeks. Non-surgical treatment may sometimes be considered in cases where the patient has significant health problems or where the risk of surgery may be too great.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Orthopaedic Trauma Association (September 2007). "Ankle Fractures". AAOS.

Further reading

  • Weber, Martin (2004). "Trimalleolar Fractures with Impaction of the Posteromedial Tibial Plafond: Implications for Talar Stability". Foot & Ankle International. 25 (10): 716–27. doi:10.1177/107110070402501005. PMID 15566703. S2CID 43182738.
  • Weber, Martin; Ganz, Reinhold (2003). "Malunion following Trimalleolar Fracture with Posterolateral Subluxation of the Talus — Reconstruction Including the Posterior Malleolus". Foot & Ankle International. 24 (4): 338–44. doi:10.1177/107110070302400406. PMID 12735377. S2CID 20888046.
  • Bucholz, R. W.; Henry, S; Henley, M. B. (1994). "Fixation with bioabsorbable screws for the treatment of fractures of the ankle". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 76 (3): 319–24. doi:10.2106/00004623-199403000-00001. PMID 8126036.
  • Haraguchi, Naoki; Haruyama, H; Toga, H; Kato, F (2006). "Pathoanatomy of Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 88 (5): 1085–92. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00856. PMID 16651584.
  • Langenhuijsen, Johan F.; Heetveld, Martin J.; Ultee, Jan M.; Steller, E. Philip; Butzelaar, Rudi M. J. M. (2002). "Results of Ankle Fractures with Involvement of the Posterior Tibial Margin". The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 53 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1097/00005373-200207000-00012. PMID 12131390.
  • Van Den Bekerom, Michel P. J.; Haverkamp, Daniel; Kloen, Peter (2009). "Biomechanical and Clinical Evaluation of Posterior Malleolar Fractures. A Systematic Review of the Literature". The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 66 (1): 279–84. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318187eb16. PMID 19131839.
  • Helmy, Naeder; Meyer, Dominik C.; Vienne, Patrick; Espinosa, Norman (2012). "The Posterolateral Approach for the Treatment of Trimalleolar Fractures". Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery. 11 (4): 189–93. doi:10.1097/BTF.0b013e3182743f11.
  • Forberger, Jens; Sabandal, Philipp V.; Dietrich, Michael; Gralla, Jan; Lattmann, Thomas; Platz, Andreas (2009). "Posterolateral Approach to the Displaced Posterior Malleolus: Functional Outcome and Local Morbidity". Foot & Ankle International. 30 (4): 309–14. doi:10.3113/FAI.2009.0309. PMID 19356354. S2CID 34963028.

Read other articles:

Coogee Bay Road

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Coogee Bay Road adalah satu dari dua jalan utama di kota Coogee, New South Wales. Coogee merupakan pinggiran tepi pantai di Sydney, Australia. Coogee Bay Road berisi banyak restoran dan kafe juga sebuah sekolah dasar dan mal perbelanjaan kecil. Jalan u...

 

 

Транспорт Узбекистана

Транспорт в Узбекистане имеет важнейшее значение. Территории страны со средними размерами и большая плотность населения, разобщённость центров промышленности и сельского хозяйства, а также удалённость от мировых рынков делают обладание развитой транспортной системы ...

 

 

Moorim School

Moorim SchoolPoster promosiGenreRemaja Laga Romansa Drama Sekolah PersahabatanDitulis olehKim Hyun HeeYang Jin-ahSutradaraLee So YeonPemeranLee Hyun Woo Lee Hong-bin Seo Ye-ji Jung Yoo-jinNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. musim1Jmlh. episode20ProduksiProduser eksekutifKim Hyung IlProduserYun JaehyukKang Min-KyungDurasi70 menit Senin dan Selasa pukul 21:55 (WSK)Rumah produksiJS PicturesRilis asliJaringanKBS2Rilis11 Januari (2016-01-11) –8 Maret 2016 (2016-3-8) Moo...

Nerf dorsal du pénis

Nerf dorsal du pénisLe nerf pudendal, avec son trajet à travers la petite échancrure ischiatique, et ses branches y compris le nerf dorsal du pénis en bas et à gauche.DétailsBranche de Nerf pudendalInnerve PénisIdentifiantsNom latin Nervus dorsalis penisTA98 A14.2.07.042MTA2 6563FMA 21869modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le nerf dorsal du pénis (ou nerf dorsal de la verge[1]) est un nerf sensitif du pelvis de l'homme. Origine Le nerf dorsal du pénis est une branche term...

 

 

Sektziyat Kaduregel Ness Ziona

Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche israeliane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Sektzia Ness ZionaCalcio Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali arancione e nero Dati societari Città Ness Ziona Nazione  Israele Confederazione UEFA Federazione IFA Campionato Liga Leumit Fondazione 1955 Rifondazione2005 Presidente Kobi Kaduri Allenatore Shlomi Dora Stadio Stadio Ness Ziona(3.500 posti) Palmarès S...

 

 

Bandar Udara Internasional Osmani

Bandar Udara Internasional Osmani. Bandar Udara Internasional Osmani (IATA: ZYL, ICAO: VGSY) adalah bandara yang terletak lima mil di sebelah timur laut Sylhet, Bangladesh. Bandara ini merupakan bandara internasional ketiga Bangladesh. Bandar Udara Osmani dioperasikan oleh Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB). Kebanyakan penumpang di bandara ini adalah ekspatriat dan keturunan mereka dari Divisi Sylhet yang tinggal di Britania Raya. Maskapai dan tujuan MaskapaiTujuanBiman Bangla...

Jorge Pardón

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori peruviani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Jorge Pardón Nazionalità  Perù Calcio Ruolo Portiere Termine carriera 1934 Carriera Squadre di club1 1920-1925Deportivo Independencia? (?)1926 Nacional? (?)1927Italiano Lima? (?)1928 Atlético Chalaco? (?)1929-1934Sporting Tabaco? (?) Nazionale 1927-1930 Perù6 (0) 1 I due numeri indicano l...

 

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

 

منتخب تونس لكرة اليد للناشئين

منتخب تونس لكرة اليد للناشئين منتخب تونس لكرة اليد للناشئين البلد تونس الفئة ناشئين اللقب نسور قرطاج الاتحاد الجامعة التونسية لكرة اليد الزي الأساسي الزي الإحتياطي بطولة العالم لكرة اليد الظهور 13 (بدأت من 1997) أفضل نتيجة الثالث (1): 2011 بطولة أفريقيا لكرة اليد للشباب رجال الظ...

Ananda, Ivory Coast

Town and sub-prefecture in Lacs, Ivory CoastAnandaTown and sub-prefectureAnandaLocation in Ivory CoastCoordinates: 6°57′N 4°18′W / 6.950°N 4.300°W / 6.950; -4.300Country Ivory CoastDistrictLacsRegionIffouDepartmentDaoukroPopulation (2014)[1] • Total12,020Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT) Ananda is a town in east-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Daoukro Department in Iffou Region, Lacs District. Ananda was a commune until March 20...

 

 

The Man with the Golden Touch

1872 novel by Mór Jókai This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: The Man with the Golden Touch – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements ...

 

 

West Athens

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della California è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. West AthensCDP(EN) West Athens, California LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato California ConteaLos Angeles TerritorioCoordinate33°55′21″N 118°18′03.6″W / 33.9225°N 118.301°W33.9225; -118.301 (West Athens)Coordinate: 33°55′21″N 118°18′03.6...

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

 

KACT (AM)

Radio station in Andrews, Texas KACTAndrews, TexasFrequency1360 kHzProgrammingFormatCountry musicAffiliationsWestwood OneOwnershipOwnerJessica May Reid and Gerald K. Reid(Zia Broadcasting Company)Sister stationsKACT-FMHistoryFirst air dateJanuary 12, 1955 (first license granted)Technical informationFacility ID74562ClassBPower1,000 watts day240 watts nightTransmitter coordinates32°20′50.00″N 102°33′23.00″W / 32.3472222°N 102.5563889°W / 32.3472222; -102.5563...

 

 

Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase

Class of enzymes Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinasePhosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase 1, hexamer, HumanIdentifiersEC no.2.7.6.1CAS no.9031-46-3 DatabasesIntEnzIntEnz viewBRENDABRENDA entryExPASyNiceZyme viewKEGGKEGG entryMetaCycmetabolic pathwayPRIAMprofilePDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsumGene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGOSearchPMCarticlesPubMedarticlesNCBIproteins phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1IdentifiersSymbolPRPS1NCBI gene5631HGNC9462OMIM311850RefSeqNM_002764UniProtP60891Other dataE...

Daftar Perdana Menteri Britania Raya

Di Britania Raya, perdana menteri adalah kepala pemerintahan, yang menjalankan banyak fungsi eksekutif yang ditetapkan oleh Baginda, yang merupakan kepala negara. Berdasarkan kebiasaan, perdana menteri dan kabinet (yang dikepalai oleh perdana menteri) bertanggungjawab atas kebijakannya kepada parlemen, yang mana mereka merupakan anggota berdasarkan konvensi (modern). Perdana Menteri Britania Raya saat ini adalah Rishi Sunak yang menjabat sejak 25 Oktober 2022 . Berikut adalah daftar perdana m...

 

 

Template talk:NorthAm-ethno-group-stub

This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.It is of interest to the following WikiProjects:Stub sorting This template is maintained by WikiProject Stub sorting, an attempt to bring some sort of order to Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, you can choose to improve/expand the articles containing this stub notice, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks.Stub sortingWikipedia:WikiProject Stub sortingTemp...

 

 

Optical power

Degree to which an optical system converges or diverges light For magnifying power, see Magnification. For the power of light, see Radiant flux and Luminous flux. Illustration of the relationship between optical power in diopters and focal length in meters. In optics, optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges light. It is equal to the reciprocal...

Nie Haisheng

Nie HaishengLahir13 Oktober 1964 (umur 59) Zaoyang, HubeiKebangsaanTiongkokPekerjaanPilot temporKarier luar angkasaAntariksawan CNSAPangkatMayor jenderalMisiShenzhou 6, Shenzhou 10 Ini adalah nama Tionghoa; marganya adalah Nie. Nie Haisheng (Hanzi sederhana: 聂海胜; Hanzi tradisional: 聶海勝; Pinyin: Niè Hǎishèng; lahir 13 Oktober 1964) adalah seorang pilot tempur Tiongkok dan antariksawan CNSA. Karier militer Nie lahir pada 13 Oktober 1964 di kota Yangdang, Zaoyang...

 

 

World government

Notion of a single common political authority for all of humanity Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms of government List of countries by system of government Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocracy Gerontocracy Kleptocracy Kritarchy Meritocracy Noocracy Particracy Plutocracy Stratocracy Technocracy Theocracy Autocracy (rule by one) Despotism Dictatorship ...