Transport in Nicaragua revolves around road, air and water transport modalities.
Road transport
The road infrastructure is very well spread across the Pacific side, while the Atlantic side has less infrastructure. As of 2009, from a total of 19,137 km 2,033 km are paved and 17,104 km are unpaved.[1]
Public transport
Public transport in Nicaragua is mostly served by buses on both short and wide range distances. There are five different types, based on the size of the vehicle, target group, frequency of stops and distance.[2]
Urban buses
Former school bus at Ferrecalle in Estelí used as urban bus on the line from Hospital to Oscar Gamez.Former school bus at Hospital in Estelí used as urban bus on the line from Hospital to Villa Cuba.
An urban bus in Nicaragua takes the same road multiple times per day, following a more or less strict schedule. The organization of the buses in different towns differs heavily as every town is organizing it on their own behalf. In Estelí, every bus driver is assisted by mostly two persons helping them (Ayudantes). Bus drivers in Managua have to manage their jobs on their own.[2]
Another fact that heavily differs is the vehicles used in the different cities. In Managua mostly urban buses sponsored by Russia are used, in Estelí former school buses from the United States, in Bluefields Japaneselight commercialvans and in León pickup trucks that got extended with seats and a roof.[2]
The quality of bus stops also heavily differs. In the center of Managua many proper bus stops exist with roofs or at least signs, in other areas there often isn't any indication of a bus stop. Nevertheless, buses serve a network of established stops with common names known by bus assistants. Passengers need to know or ask where and when which bus stops.[2]
To improve the accessibility of public transport, in 2016 the OpenStreetMap group in Nicaragua MapaNicacrowdsourced with the help of more than 150 citizens of Managua the first bus transit map in the whole of Central America.[3] Later in 2018, they made this data machine-accessible, serving it today in different apps on several platforms.[4]
Suburban buses (Suburbanos) connect larger cities with communities in outer areas. They only stop a few times inside the city, later nearly everywhere where passengers request to get off. Like with urban buses, a team serves a route several times per day and the service is organized by the local government. Prices can vary depending on the distance.[2]
Share taxis are called Interlocales in Nicaragua and also connect two or more cities, like Ruteados and express buses, with the main difference that they depart from the bus station once they are filled either mostly or completely with passengers. Like express buses, they nearly don't stop between start and destination.[2]
Air transport
Several airports are serving both national and international flights.
^Delattre, Felix (February 2, 2016). "The true geographers take the bus". Confidencial. Retrieved July 23, 2018. But two years ago, a group inhabitants of Managua by own initiative decided to take the feat and create the first bus network map in whole Central America. [...] This way more than 150 citizens collaborated in this gigantic task to map all routes and bus stops of the two cities. [...] The map is handed over today at 9am at one of the main and most central bus stops (UCA).
^"OpenStreetMap and the Buses in Nicaragua – Presentation in Casa Vínculos, Estelí". MapaNica. March 8, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018. Six months later, the two groups started working together to improve the dates and to bring the project to the next level which they presented in this talk: the first mobile application to navigate through the public transport in Managua, Estelí and some national routes.
^
Cropsey, Seth (April 9, 2018). "China Sets Its Sights on South America". The American Interest. Retrieved April 9, 2018. China has abandoned its attempts to construct a Nicaraguan Canal to compete with its Panamanian counterpart.
