Trams in Łódź

Trams in Łódź
Tramwaje w Łodzi
"Piotrkowska Centrum" tram station
Operation
LocaleŁódź, Poland
Open23 December 1898
Lines24 (21 active)
Owner(s)City of Łódź
Operator(s)MPK Łódź Sp. z o.o.
Infrastructure
Track gauge1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
Electrification600 V DC overhead
Statistics
Track length (total)124.1 km (77 mi)

The Łódź tram system is a tramway network located in Łódź, Poland that has been in operation since 1898.[1]

The system is operated by MPK Łódź Sp. z.o.o. There are 24 tramlines with a total linelength of 124.1 kilometres (77.1 mi). The system operates on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge (narrow gauge) track.

History

Share of the Kolej Elektryczna Lódzka Sp.A., issued 1901
Tram in Łódź, 1900.

By the 1890s, Łódź had over 300,000 inhabitants. Łódź was a large industrial city characterized by textile industry, and a lack of wide streets, ring roads and a reliable public transport system. All passenger and freight traffic was concentrated in the city center, especially on Piotrkowska Street. Up to one thousand cabs and carriages drove around the city centre. Both the city government and local industrialists wanted to provide a solution to this situation, and therefore took up the construction of a tram past the city centre. In 1883, the first attempt to build a horse tram was made, which in the end was abandoned.[2] The project was tendered, but ultimately, never completed.[3]

A project with electric trams was then started, which would carry passengers by day and cargo by night. The Electric Railway Consortium Lodz (KEL) won a tender for construction the line. Julius Kunitzer signed the contract in St. Petersburg in front of Nicholas II on behalf of the KEL. He was backed by the German company AEG, which then started construction in the summer of 1897.

Line 4 in 1981

Trams in Łódź made their first appearance on 23 December 1898.[4] Łódź was the first city to have electric trams in what was then Congress Poland. Initially, there were two fairly short tram lines that both served the city centre area; by February 1899 their number was doubled. In 1901, the first suburban tram lines started – the Pabianice and Zgierz lines.[5] Both of these initiatives were the result of the activities of private companies in which German manufacturers dominated.

The experiment with electric trams in Łódź fared even better than expected. Trams quickly paid off the cost of line construction, and the project brought considerable profits to its shareholders, whereas traffic in the center of the city decreased. Between 1910 and 1931, suburban tram lines connected many important places around the city. In the first half of the 1990s, some of those lines were closed down.

After World War II, the network of suburban and urban trams was nationalized and transferred to the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne – Łódź [pl] (MPK Łódź), which, as the city expanded, expanded the number and length of both urban and suburban lines. Currently[when?] MPK operates 18 urban and 5 regional (or suburban) lines. The longest of these, and in fact the longest of all of Poland, is number 46, which has a length of 38 kilometres (24 mi).

While Łódź is acknowledged to be the first city in Poland to have a fully electrified tram system, it is less well known that unusually Łódź once boasted a small cemetery where tram drivers were buried. Sadly, nothing remains of this graveyard, which was situated on Lindley Street near the aptly named Tram Street (ul. Tramwajowa). Today, the cemetery plot where old tram drivers would have been laid to rest is occupied by the Lodz University Press and a language school.[citation needed]

In 2008, a teenager, described by his teachers as an "electronic genius", was arrested after using a remote control device he had assembled to cause several derailments and other accidents in the Łódź tramway system.[6]

Lines

Łódź tramway network
Legend: existing routes, dismantled routes

There are 24 lines on the network; 3 lines are currently not in operation (as of December 2024). [7]

Lines are divided into colours based on their routes.

Color Route
1 Kilińskiego street
10A The east-west route  [pl]
11 Łódź Regional Tram (ŁTR) route  [pl]
17 Politechniki, Gdańska, and Pomorska streets
18 The E-W route + Kilińskiego & Narutowicza streets
41 Suburban lines
16 Other
13 Suspended lines
Tram Line Stops Notes
1 Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego ↔ Doły 16/17 Temporary stub terminus at Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego.
2 Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Kochanówka 35
3 Chojny Kurczaki ↔ R. Powstańców 1863r. 26
4 Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Dw. Łódź Fabryczna 15
5 Teofilów ↔ Radiostacja 27/25
6 Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Doły 26
7 Widzew Augustów ↔ Cm. Ogrodowa 29/30 Temporary stub terminus at Cm. Ogrodowa. Runs on both the E-W route, and the ŁTR route.
8 Cm. Zarzew ↔ Teofilów 33/34
9 Olechów ↔ Dw. Łódź Fabryczna 22 Runs on a part of the E-W route, and on Kopcińskiego & Narutowicza streets.
10A Widzew Augustów ↔ Retkinia 25
10B Olechów ↔ Retkinia 32
11 Chocianowice IKEA ↔ Helenówek 38
12 Stoki ↔ Retkinia 29/30 Stops at Stoki loop in Retkinia direction.
13 Dąbrowa Niższa ↔ Teofilów 33 Line suspended, replacement bus Z13 operates instead.
14 Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Karolew (Retkinia) 20/25 Extended to Retkinia on weekends and holidays, ends at Karolew otherwise.
15 Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Stoki 35/36
16 Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Kochanówka 34 Runs along Politechniki, and Włókniarzy streets.
17 Chocianowice Ikea ↔ Telefoniczna Zajezdnia 33/34
18 Retkinia ↔ Telefoniczna Zajezdnia 25/26 Runs on weekdays only.
19 Helenówek-Pętla ↔ Chojny Kurczaki (Pl. Niepodległości) 36/28 Line shortened to Pl. Niepodległości on weekends and holidays.
41 Pl. Niepodległości ↔ Pabianice Wiejska 30
43 Włókniarzy/Legionów ↔ Konstantynów Łódzki 17
45 Telefoniczna Zajezdnia ↔ Zgierz Plac Kilińskiego 31/32
46 Stoki ↔ Ozorków Cegielniana[8] 19[8]
Main article: Trams in Ozorków

Suspended in 2018 due to bad condition of the tracks. Currently no plans of rebuilding the line.

Types of vehicles

The following table shows the vehicles used for tram communication in Łódź (as of the 2nd of December 2024).[9]

A tram on Nowomiejska street
Tramway type Number Picture
Moderus Gamma LF 06 AC 30
PESA 122NaL 34
PESA 122N 10
Bombardier Cityrunner 15
Düwag M8CN 18
Konstal 805N-ML Woltan[citation needed] 62
Konstal 805Na ND[citation needed] 137
Konstal 805Na 6
Düwag MGT6D [de] 34
Adtranz GT6M (AEG GT6M-ZR) 6 (10)
total 352

References

  1. ^ Wojciech Źródlak; Wojciech Dębski; Włodzimierz Hyży; Tomasz Igielski; Walczak Dariusz (1998). Łódzkie tramwaje 1898–1998 (in Polish). Łódź.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 113.
  3. ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 143.
  4. ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 146.
  5. ^ Wojciech Źródlak; Jerzy Wojtowicz; Marcin Kaczyński (2001). Łódzka podmiejska komunikacja tramwajowa 1901–2001 (in Polish). Łódź.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Baker, Graeme (11 January 2008). "Schoolboy hacks into city's tram system". Telegraph. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Rozkłady jazdy - MPK-Łódź Spółka z o.o." (in Polish). MPK Łódź Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  8. ^ a b Wojciech Dębski. "linia tramwajowa 46". Łódzkie tramwaje i autobusy (in Polish). Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  9. ^ "Tabor - MPK-Łódź Spółka z o.o." (in Polish). Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne. Retrieved 2 December 2024.

Bibliography

  • Rynkowska, Anna (1970), Ulica Piotrkowska [Piotrkowska Street] (in Polish), vol. I, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, ISBN 978-83-939822-4-0