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War of the 6th Coalition: 1813

Napoleon's
battles	Day	Losses	Battle Led by
	0	2.200	Möckern Eugène
Lützen	27	22.000
Bautzen	45	20.000
	51	1.400	Haynau Maison
	56	2.200	Luckau Oudinot
	109	3.000	Großbeeren Oudinot
	112	30.000	Katzbach Macdonald
Dresden	112	10.000
	115	25.000	Kulm Vandamme
	123	23.000	Dennewitz Ney
	133	1.500	Göhrde Pécheux
	145	2.100	Altenburg Lefebvre
	146	700	Rosslau Ney
	150	1.900	Wartenburg Bertrand
Leipzig	163	79.000
Hanau	177	4.500

Day: days gone since 5 April 1813, Battle of Möckern
Losses: French soldiers killed+wounded+captured
Red dot: French tactical victory

War of the 6th Coalition: 1814

Napoleon's
battles	Day	Losses	Battle Led by
	0	700	Bar-sur-Aube(1) Mortier
Brienne	5	3.000
Rothière	8	4.000
	9	?	Lesmont Lagrange
Champau.	18	600
Montmirail	19	2.000
Thierry	20	400
Vaucham.	22	600
Mormant	25	600
Montereau	26	2.000
	35	3.100	Bar-sur-Aube Macdonald
	36	250	Tresmes Macdonald
	37	1.300	Julien Augereau
	39	3.000	Laubressel Macdonald
Craonne	43	5.400
Laon	45	6.500
	47	700	Mâcon Musnier
Reims	48	600
	56	1.000	Limonest Augereau
Arcis	56	3.000
	61	10.000	Champenoise Augereau
Dizier	62	600
	66	5.000	Paris Joseph

Day: days gone since 24 Jan 1814, Bar-sur-Aube(1)
Losses: French soldiers killed+wounded+captured
Red dot: French tactical victory

The Trachenberg Plan was a campaign strategy created by the Allies in the German Campaign of 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition, and named for the conference held at the palace of Trachenberg.^[1] The plan advocated avoiding direct engagement with French emperor, Napoleon I, which had resulted from fear of the emperor's now legendary prowess in battle. Consequently, the Allies planned to engage and defeat Napoleon's marshals and generals separately, and thus weaken his army while they built up an overwhelming force even he could not defeat. It was decided upon after a series of defeats and near disasters at the hands of Napoleon at Lützen, Bautzen and Dresden. The plan was successful, and at the Battle of Leipzig, where the Allies had a considerable numerical advantage, Napoleon was soundly defeated and driven out of Germany, back to the Rhine.

Development

The plan held elements of a number of other plans developed over the past two years by men such as Russian generals Karl Wilhelm von Toll, Barclay de Tolly and former French General, and Napoleon's erstwhile rival, Jean Victor Moreau, who was in correspondence with Charles John and en route to Sweden in summer 1813. However, the final plan was primarily an amalgam of two prior works that had been developed in parallel: the Trachenberg Protocol and the Reichenbach Plan,^[2] created by Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden (formerly Napoleon's Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte) whose experience with the tactics and methods of the Grande Armée, as well as personal insight on Napoleon's strategies, proved invaluable, and the Austrian chief of staff of the Sixth Coalition, Joseph Radetzky von Radetz.

Charles John had given a great deal of military advice to Tsar Alexander I of Russia during the 1812 Russian Campaign (after having turned down Alexander's offer of generalissimo of the Russian armies) on how to defeat the French invasion, and was able to see the successful practical outcomes of some of his theories and strategies that had been used by the Russians.^[3] Charles John refined his strategies over the next year, applied them to the probable theater of operations of Northern Germany, and presented them to Alexander and Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia at the Trachenberg Conference held on July 9-12, 1813 during the Truce of Pläswitz. The Allied sovereigns, after modifications to take into account the various policy considerations necessary to keep the disparate coalition partners happy, adopted Charles John's proposals as the basis of the general Coalition campaign plan.^[4] Meanwhile, Radetzky and the Austrians had been developing their own campaign plan in parallel, despite not officially joining the Sixth Coalition until August 12, 1813, based on the presumed theater of Saxony and Northeast Germany with a final decisive battle as its climax, the details of which folded well into the protocol agreed to at Trachenberg. The combined, modified version of the two prior campaign plans became known as the Trachenberg Plan.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Notes

^ Leggiere, Michael (2015). pp. 51–54
^ Leggiere, Michael (2015). pp. 51–60
^ Barton, Dunbar Plunkett (1925) pp. 40-43. John Murray, London.
^ Scott, Franklin D. (1935) Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon. Pp. 88-90. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
^ Leggiere, Michael (2015). p. 62
^ Barton, Dunbar Plunkett (1930) pp. 283–284
^ Scott, Franklin D. (1935) Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon. P. 90. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

References

Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). The Amazing Career of Bernadotte 1763–1844, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1925). Bernadotte: Prince and King 1810-1844, John Murray, London.
Chandler, David G (1966). The Campaigns of Napoleon Volume II, Macmillan Company, New York. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Las Cases, Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonné (1890). Memoirs of the Life, Exile, and Conversations of the Emperor Napoleon, Volume III, Worthington Company, New York. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Leggiere, Michael V (2015). Napoleon and the Struggle for Germany: The Franco-Prussian War of 1813 Volume II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Leggiere, Michael V (2014). Blücher: Scourge of Napoleon, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Palmer, Alan (1990). Bernadotte: Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King, John Murray, London. ^{[ISBN missing]}
Scott, Franklin D. (1935) Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.