Toussaint Loua

General graphic summary of the Statistical Atlas of the population of Paris. It is one of the first graphical representation of data in the form of a heat map.[1]

Toussaint Loua (1824 – 1907) was a French statistician and was credited for inventing the heat map in information visualization.[1][2]

Career

Loua was born in Saarn in modern day Germany.[3]

He began his career as a clerk at the Ministry of Commerce in 1850 at the age of 26. From 1875 to 1887, Loua directed the General Directorate of Statistics of France (French: Statistique générale de la France). Under his direction, the SGF published in 1878 the first Statistical Yearbook of France (French: Annuaire statistique de la France) and it was also under its mandate that in 1885 the High Council of Statistics was created.[4][2]

Bibliography

  • 1865 : De la mortalité à Paris dans ses rapports, Berger-Levrault (Paris)
  • 1865 : Mémoire sur quelques questions de statistique
  • 1867 : « De l'influence des disettes sur les mouvements de la population », Journal de la société de statistique de Paris, vol. 8, pages 94–97, url
  • 1873 : Atlas statistique de la population de Paris, J. Dejey (Paris), Version digitale
  • 1877 : « Les faillites en France depuis 1840 », Journal de la société de statistique de Paris, vol. 18, pages 281-291.
  • 1877 : « Le Divorce en Belgique », Journal de la société de statistique de Paris, vol. 18, pages 155-158, url
  • 1879 : Les Logements insalubres à Paris, Berger-Levrault (Paris)
  • 1885 : Les Déplacements de la population en France, Berger-Levrault (Paris)
  • Loua, M. Toussaint (1886). "Statistical Review of the Present Position of Italy". Journal of the Statistical Society of London. 49 (3): 662–672. ISSN 0959-5341. JSTOR 2979298.
  • 1888 : La France sociale et économique d'après les documents officiels les plus récents, Paris : Berger-Levrault
  • 1889 : « À propos de l'exposition universelle de 1889 », Journal de la société de statistique de Paris, vol. 30, pages 325-330, url

References

  1. ^ a b "Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization". www.datavis.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  2. ^ a b Hirsch, Agnès; Reeve, Paul (24 June 2022). "Classifying Individuals by Their Participation in the Production System: The 'Active' and 'Inactive' Populations in Late 19th-Century France". Population. 77 (1): 113–136.
  3. ^ "Toussaint Loua (1824-1907)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  4. ^ "Découpage du territoire français : Troisième république (1875-1918)". projetbabel.org. Retrieved 2022-12-26.

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