Tonka is an American brand and former manufacturer of toy trucks.[1] The company was founded in 1946 and operated as an independent manufacturer of popular steel toy construction type trucks and machinery, until its sale to Hasbro in 1991.
History
Tonka began as "Mound Metalcraft", a gardening tools company, in the fall of 1946 in Mound, Minnesota.[4][5] Lynn Everett Baker (1898–1964), Avery F. Crounse, and Alvin F. Tesch created the company in an old schoolhouse.[4] Their building's former occupant, the Streater Company, had made and patented several toys, including toy trucks.[6] E. C. Streater was not interested in the toy business so they approached Mound Metalcraft. The three men at Mound Metalcraft thought they might make a good sideline to their other products.[7]
1960s Tonka truck
After some modifications to the design by Alvin Tesch and the addition of a new logo created by Erling Eklof, the company began selling metal toys, which soon became the primary business. The logo was based on a University of Minnesota drafting student's sketch by Donald B. Olson, who later became the company's Chief Industrial Engineer. The logo used the Dakota Sioux word tanka, which means "great" or "big".[8]
In November 1955, Mound Metalcraft changed its name to "Tonka Toys Incorporated".[9] From 1947 to 1957, their logo was an oval, showing the Tonka Toys name in red above blue ocean waves with seagulls overhead, honoring nearby Lake Minnetonka.[10][6]
From 1958 to 1961, the logo no longer included seagulls and the colors were changed to white, grey, and red.[6] The colors changed to red and gold in 1963. In 1978, the oval was removed and the company began using only the name Tonka on their toys.[6]
In 1964, Tonka acquired the Mell Manufacturing Company in Chicago, Illinois,[11] allowing it to produce barbecue grills, eventually under the Tonka Firebowl label.[8]: 85–86
In 1968, Tonka moved company headquarters from Mound to Minneapolis.[11]
Late 1970s Tonka Car Carrier
In 1987, Tonka purchased Kenner Parker,[12] including UK toy giant Palitoy, for $555 million,[13] borrowing extensively to fund the acquisition. However, the cost of servicing the debt meant Tonka itself had to find a buyer and it was eventually acquired by Hasbro in 1991,[13] its headquarters moved out of Minnesota, and relocated its manufacturing operations to Hasbro's facilities in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.[1] In 1998, Hasbro began a licensing deal with Funrise Toys to manufacture and distribute Tonka trucks.[14] The deal began with versions of the trucks fitted with electronics for lights and sounds, but grew to encompass the entire brand.[15] This agreement ended on July 4, 2019, with the license being transferred to Basic Fun!,[16] which produces other brands such as Care Bears, My Little Pony, and Lincoln Logs.[17][18]Maisto International, which makes die-cast vehicles, acquired the rights to use the Tonka name in a line of 1:64 scale, featuring mostly trucks.[citation needed]
In 2024, Basic Fun filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[19] The company will use bankruptcy proceedings to repay its creditors while remaining in operation.[20]
Tonka produced video games as Tonka Video Games, including Tonka Raceway, and purchased the rights to distribute and market the Master System after Sega of America stopped competing against the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. However, the Master System's market share declined, since Tonka did not have experience with video games or how to market them. Hasbro sold the digital gaming rights for various properties (including My Little Pony, Magic: The Gathering, Tonka, Playskool, and Transformers) to Infogrames (later known and currently operating as Atari SA) for US$100 million in 2000, buying back the rights for US$65 million in June 2005.[21]
Thirteen video games based on the toys were released between 1996 and 2006. A majority of these titles were released by Hasbro Interactive and its later re-brandings as Infogrames Interactive and Atari Interactive, although a small number of titles for Nintendo platforms were released by TDK Mediactive under a sub-licensing agreement from Infogrames.[25]
