Togari (manga)

Togari
First volume cover, featuring Tobei
トガリ
Genre
Manga
Written byYoshinori Natsume
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
ImprintShōnen Sunday Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Sunday
DemographicShōnen
Original runAugust 2, 2000February 13, 2002
Volumes8
Manga
Togari Shiro
Written byYoshinori Natsume
Published byMedia Factory
MagazineMonthly Comic Flapper
DemographicSeinen
Original runOctober 5, 2009May 2, 2011
Volumes3

Togari: The Sword of Justice (トガリ, Togari) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshinori Natsume. The story follows orphan Tobei, who was beheaded for committing countless crimes in the Edo period and sent to Hell where he suffered for 300 years. The regent of Hell makes Tobei an offer to slay 108 "Togas" (spiritual manifestations of sin) in 108 days in 21st-century Japan with Togari, a magical sword. Tobei readily agrees for the chance to be free from Hell.

The manga was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 2000 to February 2002, ending the series prematurely at 68 chapters. The individual chapters were collected in eight tankōbon volumes. The abrupt ending was intentional, as the last four pages of the eighth volume has a spoof advertisement for "Togari: The Perfect Edition". Then the publishers apologized for the spoof in the last page of the volume. The manga was licensed for English release in North America by Viz Media.

A sequel, titled Togari Shiro, was serialized in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Flapper from October 2009 to May 2011, with its chapters collected in three volumes.

Plot

The plot centers around an orphan known as Tobei who lived in Japan 300 years ago and committed countless violent crimes until the age of 16, when he was beheaded by villagers and subsequently sent to Hell as punishment. During his supposedly eternal punishment, Tobei made repeated escape attempts and became known for a particularly fiery spirit, everlasting determination, and a continuing refusal to repent for his sins.

Given Tobei's dismal moral progress over the course of 300 years, he was made an offer to escape: take the Togari, (a magical bokken with strength proportional to the user's evil spirit) and slay 108 "Toga", spiritual manifestations of great sin that drive a human's actions, in 108 days. Ose, the demon responsible for torturing Tobei in Hell, was told to watch over Tobei while Tobei accomplished his mission.

However, Tobei was subject to two particular rules so as to facilitate his moral reshaping: Firstly, he cannot commit any sins or crimes; even if he begins thinking about committing a sin, the wounds from his decapitation 300 years ago will begin opening. If he actually completes a sin, he will be decapitated and sent back to Hell. Secondly, he cannot physically harm people. If he does, then the same damage is done to himself.

Impeding Tobei's mission, however, is a property of the sword Togari: if Tobei loses control of it, then Togari will absorb him (so that he suffers eternally within Togari, along with all other souls of people who have failed this mission in the past). Furthermore, unlike in Hell, when all his physical wounds healed almost instantly, Tobei's body is mortal on Earth.

Under the supervision of Ose, who often takes the form of a dog while watching over Tobei, Tobei attempts to slay 108 Toga in the real world, and lives a different life than he did 300 years ago in part because of the people he meets and the restrictions against sinning placed on his body.

Characters

Tobei (統兵衛)
Tobei lived as a young child during the Edo period of Japan. He did not have any parents and lived on the streets and barely survived as a child. After killing a nobleman, he took away his identity document proving that he is Tobei Kihara, but his real name is unknown. Everyone who came to meet him told him over and over again that he should "just die" and "go to hell". He was often abused and tortured by the townsfolk. As he grew up he learned he had to steal things, including lives, or he would not survive. Eventually, he ended up going into murderous rages and killed everyone who was in his way. He was soon caught after killing so many people and was beheaded at sixteen. Since his death, Tobei had been living in Hell for 300 years, tortured by Ose so he can "repent for his sins". Tobei has tried to escape Hell numerous times, but was always caught by Ose. One day, however, Lady Ema offers him a deal where if he collected 108 sins in 108 days he'd be free to return to Earth. He hastily takes the opportunity without thinking of the consequences.
Itsuki Asagi (浅木いつき, Asagi Itsuki)
Itsuki is a young high school girl whose cop father was murdered when she was still a child. She hates that her father's killer is still at large and probably living in peace. She became a tomboy after her father's death. Itsuki has a strong sense of justice and is the first to get a reaction from Tobei, other than bloodlust, just by thanking him for saving her (even if unintentionally) after she was nearly raped and murdered by a thug.
Ose (オセ)
Ose has been Tobei's handler for 100 years and was originally an angel. He was ordered by Lady Ema to follow Tobei in the human world as a dog to make sure he did not disrupt the order of the natural world. He is often mistaken by other people as Tobei's pet.
Ema (エマ)
Lady Ema is the regent of Hell. She offered Tobei his freedom if he could collect 108 sins in 108 days using the Togari. She oversees Tobei and Ose in the present time as a young business woman.
Sawazaki (さわざき)
Detective Sawazaki is a University of Tokyo graduate. He is an over-qualified police detective who's passed the first-class civil servant exam. He is highly suspicious of Tobei and follows the Toga-removed victims of Tobei closely. He comments that all the victims have suffered from "psychological trauma" when arrested. He was also the junior partner of Itsuki's father ten years before the start of the story.

Development

Inspired by Japanese samurai films and with a concept that the protagonist is a "pure bad guy", author Natsume drew Tobei based on "someone who looked like he [would] be beheaded as a criminal". Lady Ema was first drawn by Natsume with an image of Enma Daio in mind but "she ended up turning into a sexy bombshell".[3] The serialization of Togari was canceled by Weekly Shōnen Sunday.[4]

Publication

Written and illustrated by Yoshinori Natsume, Togari was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 2, 2000, to February 13, 2002;[a] the series ended prematurely at 68 chapters. Shogakukan collected the chapters in eight tankōbon volumes, released from January 18, 2001, and March 18, 2002.[9][10] The abrupt ending was intentional by the publishers, as the last four pages of the eighth volume includes a spoof advertisement for Togari: The Perfect Edition. Then the publishers apologized for the spoof in the last page of the volume.[11] Media Factory republished the series in a four-volume edition,[12] released from October 23 to November 22, 2010.[13][14]

Viz Media released the manga in North America, with English translation by AltJapan Co., Ltd.[15] The eight volumes were released between July 10, 2007, and September 9, 2008.[16][17]

Natsume wrote a sequel, titled Togari Shiro (咎狩 白), serialized in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Flapper from October 5, 2009, to May 2, 2011.[4][18][19][20] Media Factory collected its chapters in three tankōbon volumes, released from May 22, 2010, to June 23, 2011.[21][22][23]

Volumes

No. Original release date Original ISBN English release date English ISBN
1 January 18, 2001[9]978-4-091-26141-0July 10, 2007[16]978-1-421-51355-3
  • 01."Champion of Justice" (セイギノミカタ, Seigi no Mikata)
  • 02."Thank You?" (アリガトウ…?, Arigatou...?)
  • 03."Show Me the Sinners" (ツミハドコダ!?, Tsumi wa Doko da!?)
  • 04."Is this How it's Supposed to Be?" (コレデイイノカ)
  • 05."The Power of Togari" (トガリノチカラ, Togari no Chikara)
  • 06."Hate Everything" (スベテヲニクメ, subete o Nikume)
2 March 17, 2001[24]978-4-091-26142-7September 11, 2007[25]978-1-421-51356-0
  • 07. "Reunion" (サイカイ, Saikai)
  • 08. "Magic" (ヨウジュツ, Youjutsu)
  • 09. "The Funeral" (オソウシキ, Osoushiki)
  • 10. "Nothingness" (, Mu)
  • 11. "Darkness" (フカククライヤミ)
  • 12. "Downtown" (マチ, Machi)
  • 13. "Helpless" (ムリョク, Muryoku)
  • 14. "Loneliness" (ヒトリ, Hitori)
3 June 18, 2001[26]978-4-091-26143-4November 13, 2007[27]978-1-421-51357-7
  • 15. "Human Life" (ヒトノイノチ, Hito no Inochi)
  • 16. "Fear" (コワイ, Kowai)
  • 17. "The Rookie" (ルーキー, Ruukii)
  • 18. "The Scent of Darkness" (ヤミノニオイ, Yami no Nioi)
  • 19. "Alternative to Destruction" (コワスヨリモ, Kowasu Yori mo)
  • 20. "I Started Like This?" (ココカラ, Koko Kara)
  • 21. "A Hero?" (ヒーロー?, Hiiroo?)
  • 22. "In My Way" (ジャマダ, Jamada)
  • 23. "Sapped of Strength" (チカラガデナイ, Chikara ga Denai)
4 August 9, 2001[28]978-1-421-51357-7January 8, 2008[29]978-1-421-51357-7
  • 24. "A Name" (ナマエ, Namae)
  • 25. "Dark Shadows" (クロイカゲ, Kuroi Kage)
  • 26. "Time Flies" (トキノナガレ, Toki no Nagare)
  • 27. "All I Can Do" (デキルコト, Dekiru Koto)
  • 28. "Moonlight" (ゲッコウ, Gekkō)
  • 29. "Your Power" (キミノチカラ, Kimi no Chikara)
  • 30. "A Place to Be" (ココニイル, Koko ni Iru)
  • 31. "No Going Back" (モドラナイ, Modoranai)
  • 32. "It Begins" (ハジマリ, Hajimaru)
5 October 18, 2001[30]978-4-091-26145-8March 11, 2008[31]978-1-421-51701-8
  • 33. "Where Are You?" (ドコニイル?)
  • 34. "More Power" (モットチカラヲ)
  • 35. "Real Power" (ホンモン)
  • 36. "Not Enough" (タリナイ…)
  • 37. "This Time" (コンドハ…)
  • 38. "Making Enemies?" (テキ…?)
  • 39. "Lucky" (ウンガイイ)
  • 40. "Nicknames" (ヨビナ)
  • 41. "I Don't Run or Hide" (ニゲモカクレモ)
6 December 18, 2001[32]978-4-091-26146-5May 13, 2008[33]978-1-421-51702-5
  • 42. "I Don't Mind Either Way" (カンケエネエ)
  • 43. "Don't Touch Her" (サワンナ)
  • 44. "I Don't Like It" (キニイラネエ)
  • 45. "Out of Desperation" (ヤクソク)
  • 46. "A Murderer" (ヒトゴロシ)
  • 47. "The Stage" (ステージ)
  • 48. "A Tamed Dog" (カイイヌ)
  • 49. "At the Bottom of the Darkness" (イバショ)
  • 50. "I See You" (オマエガミエル)
7 February 18, 2002[34]978-4-091-26147-2July 8, 2008[35]978-1-421-51703-2
  • 51. "How Could You..." (ヨクモ…)
  • 52. "Who Killed Her?" (ダレガコロシタ?)
  • 53. "Give Me Your Power!!" (チカラヲヨコセ!!)
  • 54. "I Won't Run Away" (ニゲルワケニハ)
  • 55. "You Have to Call Me!" (オレヲヨベ!!)
  • 56. "The Demon who Wished to be Human" (ヒトニナリタカッタオニ)
  • 57. "I Will Not Disappear" (ニゲネエ)
  • 58. "I Will Devour You" (オマエヲノム)
  • 59. "Bis" (アンコール)
8 March 18, 2002[10]978-4-091-26148-9September 9, 2008[17]978-1-421-51704-9
  • 60. "The Leading Role" (シュヤク)
  • 61. "What I Have to Say" (イウベキコトバ)
  • 62. "After All" (アレカラ)
  • 63. "Amy" (アミ)
  • 64. "The Strength of a Human Being" (ヒトノチカラ)
  • 65. "The Future" (ミライ)
  • 66. "I Want to Become 'Myself'" (ボクニナル)
  • 67. "What I'm Going to do in the Future" (ミライノタメニデキルコト)
  • 68. "Thanks" (アリガトウ)

Reception

Natsume's art was commended for featuring "heavy inks, lots of crosshatching, and copious amounts of shading".[36][37] Mania.com's Patricia Beard feels that the manga makes a "compelling read" by "laying out its premise and conditions by the mid-point of the first volume".[38] Manga Life's Michael Aronson comments that the manga simply rearranges the "premise of every other pop manga series. We have an anachronistic protagonist (InuYasha) who’s rather impure at heart (Death Note) hunting spirits that no one else can see (Bleach)".[39] Ed Sizemore from Comics Worth Reading criticises the series for ending its unfinished story with volume 8. As well as "putting salt in the wound" by advertising for "Togari: The Perfect Edition" in the last four pages, with the last sentence of the ad reading: "Sorry, this was all a joke! Thank you all for reading."[11] Jason Thompson's online appendix to Manga: The Complete Guide compares Togari to Inuyasha in their shared theme of "a villain gradually [turning] into a good guy" commenting that "Togari makes a stronger than usual effort to show Tobe’s gradual socialization process." Thompson also comments on the art "while not nearly as scary as the premise suggests, is clean and chiseled, similar to Ryōji Minagawa."[40] In a series of reviews on Manga News, the manga's graphics is commended for its "pure style with panels that are not overdone",[41] commendation on the level of precision through explanation,[42] with discrete action and advancing the plot through the use of intrigue.[43]

Notes

  1. ^ It started in the magazine's 36th issue of 2000 (with cover date August 16),[5] released on August 2 of that same year;[6] it finished in the magazine's 11th issue of 2002 (with cover date February 27),[7] released on February 13 of that same year.[8]

References

  1. ^ Ellingwood, Holly (August 17, 2008). "Togari Vol. 6". Active Anime. Archived from the original on December 27, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  2. ^ Douresseaux, Leroy (May 15, 2008). "Togari: Volume 6". ComicBookBin. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
  3. ^ Natsume, Yoshinori (July 10, 2007). "Extra". Togari. Vol. 1. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-1355-3.
  4. ^ a b "Batman: Death Mask's Natsume Starts Togari Sequel (Updated)". Anime News Network. October 15, 2009. Archived from the original on November 24, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
  5. ^ 週刊少年サンデー2000年36. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  6. ^ Natsume, Yoshinori (July 25, 2000). このたびはSeS HomePageにようこそ。. Summer Eye Studio (in Japanese). Archived from the original on July 8, 2002. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  7. ^ 週刊少年サンデー2002年11. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  8. ^ 週刊少年サンデー 2002年11号. s-book.com (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on February 27, 2002. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  9. ^ a b トガリ / 1 [Togari 1] (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  10. ^ a b トガリ / 8 [Togari 8] (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  11. ^ a b Sizemore, Ed (October 27, 2008). "Togari Book 8". Comics Worth Reading. Archived from the original on December 14, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  12. ^ 夏目義徳「トガリ」新装版刊行!続編「咎狩 白」2巻も. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. October 23, 2010. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  13. ^ トガリ1 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  14. ^ トガリ4 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  15. ^ "Viz Announces New Manga Licenses at NYCC". Anime News Network. February 23, 2007. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  16. ^ a b "Togari, Vol. 1". Viz Media. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  17. ^ a b "Togari, Vol. 8". Viz Media. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  18. ^ "Togari de Retour" [Togari Returns] (in French). Manga News. October 16, 2009. Archived from the original on October 19, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
  19. ^ コミックフラッパー 2011年6月号. Monthly Comic Flapper (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  20. ^ 夏目義徳「トガリ」続編「咎狩 白」完結記念で原画展開催. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. June 22, 2011. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  21. ^ 咎狩 白 1 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  22. ^ 咎狩 白 2 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  23. ^ 咎狩 白 3 (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  24. ^ トガリ / 2 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  25. ^ "Togari, Vol. 2". Viz Media. Archived from the original on February 7, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  26. ^ トガリ / 3 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  27. ^ "Togari, Vol. 3". Viz Media. Archived from the original on November 5, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  28. ^ トガリ / 4 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  29. ^ "Togari, Vol. 4". Viz Media. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  30. ^ トガリ / 5 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  31. ^ "Togari, Vol. 5". Viz Media. Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  32. ^ トガリ / 6 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  33. ^ "Togari, Vol. 6". Viz Media. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  34. ^ トガリ / 7 (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  35. ^ "Togari, Vol. 7". Viz Media. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  36. ^ Douresseaux, Leroy (July 11, 2007). "Togari: Volume 1". ComicBookBin. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  37. ^ Hayley, Ken (March 9, 2008). "Togari, Vol. 6". Pop Shock Culture. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  38. ^ Beard, Patricia (December 24, 2008). "Togari Vol. #01". Mania.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  39. ^ Aronson, Michael. "Togari v2". Manga Life. Silver Bullet Comics. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
  40. ^ Thompson, Jason (December 8, 2009). "365 Days of Manga, Day 84: Togari". Suduvu. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
  41. ^ Floodace. "Togari Vol.1" (in French). Manga News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  42. ^ Floodace. "Togari Vol.2" (in French). Manga News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  43. ^ Floodace. "Togari Vol.4" (in French). Manga News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.

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Koordinat: 33°52′44″S 151°12′24″E / 33.878983°S 151.206669°E / -33.878983; 151.206669 Roden Cutler House Roden Cutler House adalah sebuah pencakar langit di Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Terdiri dari 30 tingkat perkantoran/komersial. Pembangunan selesai tahun 1975 dan terletak di 24 Campbell Street, Sydney. Tinggi hingga antena 112m dan tinggi struktur 108m. Bangunan ini dinamai mengikuti Sir Roden Cutler, Gubernur New South Wales yang menjabat terlam...

 

 

L'Esclave rebelle, Michel-Ange, XVIe siècle. L’histoire de l'esclavage est celle des différentes formes prises par la condition sociale d'êtres humains privés par d'autres du droit de propriété sur eux-mêmes. Les premières attestations de l'esclavage remontent au Néolithique. Puis, l'Égypte antique, la Perse, la Grèce ou la Rome antique ont précédé l'esclavage arabo-musulman, et celui des pays européens au Moyen-Âge. En Europe, bien que l'esclavage et le servage commen...

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Anyone Can Play GuitarSingel oleh Radioheaddari album Pablo HoneyDirilis1 Februari 1993 (1993-02-01)[1]GenreRok alternatif, grungeDurasi3:37LabelParlophonePenciptaRadioheadKronologi singel Radiohead Creep (1992) Anyone Can Play Guitar (1993) Pop Is Dead (1993) Anyone Can Play Guitar (terj. har. ''Siapapun Bisa Bermain Gitar'') adalah lagu oleh grup musik rok Inggris Radiohead, dirilis sebagai singel kedua dari album debut mereka, Pablo Honey (1993). Lagu ini mencapai no...

 

 

El Paso redirects here. For other uses, see El Paso (disambiguation). City in Texas, United StatesEl PasoCityDowntown El PasoSouthwest University ParkYsleta MissionUniversity of Texas at El PasoNorth Franklin MountainKern Place FlagSealNicknames: The Sun City,[1] El Chuco[2]Location in El Paso County and the State of TexasEl PasoLocation in TexasShow map of TexasEl PasoLocation in the United StatesShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 31°45′33″N 106°29′19″W&...

Jewish-German designer Friedrich AdlerFriedrich Adler in the 1930sBorn(1878-04-29)April 29, 1878Laupheim, GermanyDiedc. 11 July 1942Auschwitz, German-occupied PolandAlma materAcademy of Fine Arts, MunichKnown forPrroduct designMovementArt Nouveau, Art DecoSpouses Bertha Haymann Erika Fabisch Children7 Birthplace of Friedrich Adler in Laupheim, Germany Art deco lamp Friedrich Adler (29 April 1878 – c. 11 July 1942)[1][2] was a Jewish-German artist, designer and acad...

 

 

Celebrazione dell'Italian Heritage Parade (ex Columbus Day) a San Francisco nel 2011 Gli italiani di San Francisco sono una storica comunità di italoamericani residenti nell'area metropolitana di San Francisco. A differenza delle comunità della East coast, gli italiani di San Francisco sono in maggioranza originari dall'Italia settentrionale, centrale e dalle isole[1]. Secondo la National Italian American Foundation nel 2000 costituivano il 5% della popolazione cittadina. Storicamen...

 

 

كأس الأمم الإفريقية لكرة القدم 1990كان 1990الشعار الرسميتفاصيل المسابقةالبلد المضيف الجزائرالتواريخ2-16 مارسالفرق8 (من 1 اتحاد كونفدرالي)الأماكن2 (في مدينتين مضيفتين)المراكز النهائيةالبطل الجزائر (أول لقب)الوصيف نيجيرياالمركز الثالث زامبياالمركز الرابع ال...

American football team in Rock Island, Illinois Rock Island IndependentsFounded1907Folded1926Based inRock Island, Illinois, United StatesLeagueIndependent (1907–1919)National Football League (1920–1925) American Football League (1926)Team historyRock Island Independents (1907–1926)Team colorsGreen and white    Head coachesDick Liitt (1912–1913)Joseph Smith (1914)Walter Flanigan (1915–1916, 1918) Ted Guyer (1917)Rube Ursella (1919–1920, 1925) John Roche (1919) Frank Cough...

 

 

  الحياة في مصر الثقافة الثقافة الإعلام السينما الموسيقى العطل المطبخ القانون والحقوق البرلمان القضاء الشرطة حقوق الإنسان الجغرافيا والسكان  الجغرافيا السكان مصريون اللغات الدين  السياسة المائية  الموارد المائية السياسة السياسة  القوات المسلحة رئيس الجمهو�...