In 1807, a group of Scots settled in the southern part of the Blanche River valley, in the township known at the time as Lochaber Gore. They came from Thurso in Scotland, as well as from the Highlands, near Lochaber and other parts of northern Scotland. In 1830, Irish immigrants arrived, followed by French Canadians around 1840.[1]
In 1822, a Baptist Church was established, and in 1853, the post office opened, causing a controversy: the Catholic community suggested naming it Fraserville, while the Scottish community favored Cameron, because most were from this clan. The postmaster settled on the name Thurso, since there already was a place called Fraserville in Canada. In 1886, the town was incorporated as a village municipality, which was followed by the establishment of the religious and civil parish the next year.[1]
Starting in 1850, Thurso became an important centre of the wood industry. In 1929, the Singer Manufacturing Co. opened a sewing machine plant there. Around the same time construction began on a 90 kilometres (56 mi) long railroad for the transportation of lumber from the interior (which closed in 1986[4]). In 1956, the paper mill opened.[1]
In 1963, Thurso changed its statutes and became a ville (town/city).[1]
An earthquake with a magnitude of 4.5 was centred north in Thurso at 8:39 pm, on February 24, 2006. Another earthquake with a magnitude of 4.1 was centred in Thurso at 3:39pm on September 18, 2006.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Thurso had a population of 3,084 living in 1,421 of its 1,510 total private dwellings, a change of 9.4% from its 2016 population of 2,818. With a land area of 6.65 km2 (2.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 463.8/km2 (1,201.1/sq mi) in 2021.[5]
Thurso is known for the unpleasant odour emanating from its paper mill, which originates from the burning of chemical residue when the pulp is manufactured and the smell was there well before the retaining basin was built. Fortress Paper employs 335 people in Thurso to produce 250,000 tonnes of hardwood kraft market pulp. However, the company had financial difficulties and led to its operations temporarily being shut down in 2006 and again for an eight-week period in 2009.
The Lauzon sawmill was another major employer for the community, but its building was destroyed by a fire on March 8, 2007, putting 100 workers temporarily out of work. However, plans for relaunching the production activity started shortly after the event.
Thurso's only bar/hotel, Hotel Lafontaine, burned twice in 2009, once in February and again a month later, with the latter fire resulting in complete destruction. In 2010, Hotel Lafontaine reopened just beside its previous location.
Infrastructure
Battery-powered, electric-cable ferry, Ecolos, running on demand from Thurso, Quebec, to Clarence Island, Ontario, Canada.
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