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Thomas W. Hardwick
Thomas W. Hardwick
63rd Governor of Georgia
	In office; June 25, 1921 – June 30, 1923
Preceded by	Hugh Dorsey
Succeeded by	Clifford Walker
United States Senator; from Georgia
	In office; November 4, 1914 – March 3, 1919
Preceded by	William Stanley West
Succeeded by	William J. Harris
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives; from Georgia's 10th district
	In office; March 4, 1903 – November 2, 1914
Preceded by	Emory Speer
Succeeded by	Carl Vinson
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
	In office; 1898–1902
Personal details
Born	Thomas William Hardwick; December 9, 1872; Thomasville, Georgia, U.S.
Died	January 31, 1944 (aged 71); Sandersville, Georgia, U.S.
Resting place	Old City Cemetery; Sandersville, Georgia
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	; Maude Elizabeth Perkins (m. 1894) ; Sallie Warren West (m. 1938)
Alma mater	Mercer University (B.A.); University of Georgia School of Law (J.D.)
Occupation	Lawyer

Thomas William Hardwick (December 9, 1872 – January 31, 1944) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia who served as governor of Georgia, a United States Senator from Georgia, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia, and a member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

Early life

Hardwick was born on December 9, 1872, in Thomasville, Georgia.^[1] He graduated from Mercer University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1892 and received a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Georgia School of Law in 1893. He was an active member of Phi Delta Theta at Mercer, and while at UGA, he was a member of the Phi Kappa Literary Society.

Personal life

Hardwick married Maude Elizabeth Perkins in 1894.^[2] He married Sallie Warren West in 1938.^[1] He had one daughter and two stepdaughters.^[1]

Career

Law career

Hardwick practiced law in Savannah^[1] and then entered politics with the support of Thomas E. Watson.^[3] Hardwick was the prosecutor of Washington County, Georgia, from 1895 to 1897.

Political career

Hardwick served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1898 to 1902; and a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Georgia's 10th district from 1903 to 1914.^[4] In 1914 he ran for a seat in the United States Senate in a special election for the unexpired term of Augustus O. Bacon who had died in office. Hardwick won, and served in the Senate from 1915 to 1919. Senator Hardwick was defeated in the Democratic primary for reelection in 1918 by William J. Harris.

Anarchist bombings

As a senator, Hardwick co-sponsored the Immigration Act of 1918, which was enacted in October of that year. Aimed at radical anarchists who had immigrated to the U.S., the new law enabled deportation of any non-citizen who belonged to an anarchist organization or who was found in possession of anarchist literature for the purpose of propaganda.

On April 29, 1919, as a direct result of his sponsorship of the Immigration Act, Senator Hardwick was targeted for assassination by adherents of the radical anarchist Luigi Galleani, who mailed a booby trap bomb to his residence in Georgia. The bomb exploded when Ethel Williams, a house servant of the Hardwicks, attempted to open the package, blowing off her hands and severely injuring Hardwick's wife, Maude.^[5]^[6]

Governor (1921–1923)

Hardwick then served as Governor of Georgia from 1921 to 1923, and due to his opposition to the Ku Klux Klan, lost to Clifford Walker in the subsequent election.^[7]^[8] He ran unsuccessfully for election to the Senate in 1922 and 1924, and then retired from politics. He spent the rest of his life practicing law, with offices in Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Georgia, and Sandersville, Georgia.

One of Hardwick's most notable actions as governor of Georgia was his appointment of Rebecca Latimer Felton to the United States Senate as a temporary replacement for Tom Watson, who had died. Though Felton only served for one day, she was the first woman to serve in the Senate.

Death

Hardwick died of a heart attack on January 31, 1944, in Sandersville.^[1] Hardwick was interred in Old City Cemetery in Sandersville.^[9]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Hardwick Rites Set for Today". The Atlanta Constitution. February 2, 1944. p. 9. Retrieved August 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "This is My 43rd Birthday". Laredo Weekly Times. Laredo, TX. December 12, 1915. p. 10. Retrieved August 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Smith, Zachary (2012). "Tom Watson and Resistance to Federal War Policies in Georgia during World War I". Journal of Southern History. 78 (2): 293–326. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
^ "S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903". GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. November 9, 1903. p. 18. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
^ Avrich, Paul, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press (1991), ISBN 0-691-02604-1, ISBN 978-0-691-02604-6, p. 141
^ "Packages Mailed From Same Place to Mayor Hanson and to Hardwick". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 1. Retrieved August 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Abad, Jay-Raymond N., "The Evolution of a Society and Fraternity: The Response of Phis regarding Equality" http://thephideltlegacy.com/articles/equality/equality.html
^ Lucket, Robert E. "Thomas Hardwick (1872–1944)" http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/thomas-hardwick-1872-1944
^ "Old City Cemetery History". sandersvillega.org. Retrieved August 14, 2021.

References

United States Congress. "Thomas W. Hardwick (id: H000193)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

Party political offices
Preceded by Augustus Octavius Bacon	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia (Class 2) 1914	Succeeded by William J. Harris
Preceded by Hugh Dorsey	Democratic nominee for Governor of Georgia 1920	Succeeded by Clifford Walker
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by William H. Fleming	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district March 4, 1903 – November 2, 1914	Succeeded by Carl Vinson
U.S. Senate
Preceded by William S. West	U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Georgia November 4, 1914 – March 3, 1919	Succeeded by William J. Harris
Political offices
Preceded by Hugh Dorsey	Governor of Georgia 1921–1923	Succeeded by Clifford Walker