A native of Belfast, Hamilton was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, Queen's College, Belfast and Queen's University of Ireland. He became president of Queens College, Belfast in 1889 and, after nineteen years in that position, was appointed to the office of vice-chancellor when the expanded institution was granted university status. He served in this post for another fifteen years, until 1923. He was also the author of a number of historical and ecclesiastical studies, including the 1886 History of the Irish Presbyterian Church, and wrote myriad entries for the Dictionary of National Biography. As a prominent unionist, he was appointed, at the age of 78, to the Privy Council of Ireland in the 1921 New Year Honours, entitling him to the style "The Right Honourable".[2]