Thomas Brock

For other people named Thomas Brock, see Thomas Brock (disambiguation).

Sir
Thomas Brock
KCB RA
Born1 March 1847
Worcester, England
Died22 August 1922(1922-08-22) (aged 75)
London, England
Resting placeMayfield, East Sussex
NationalityBritish
Alma mater
  • School of Design, Worcester
  • Royal Academy Schools
Known forSculpture, coin design

Sir Thomas Brock KCB RA (1 March 1847 – 22 August 1922) was an English sculptor and medallist, notable for the creation of several large public sculptures and monuments in Britain and abroad in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.[1] [2] His most famous work is the Victoria Memorial in front of Buckingham Palace, London.[2] Other commissions included the redesign of the effigy of Queen Victoria on British coinage, the massive bronze equestrian statue of Edward, the Black Prince, in City Square, Leeds and the completion of the statue of Prince Albert on the Albert Memorial.[3][4]

Biography

Brock was born on 1 March 1847 in Worcester.[2] He was the only son of a painter and decorator and attended the Government School of Design in Worcester, after which he undertook an apprenticeship in modelling at the Worcester Royal Porcelain Works.[5] In 1866 he became a pupil of the sculptor John Henry Foley and also enrolled in the Royal Academy Schools, where he won a gold medal for sculpture in 1869.[5][6] He met and befriended Frederic, Lord Leighton, whose emphasis on realism and naturalism in sculpture led Brock to become part of the New Sculpture movement and to develop his talent for sympathetic and realistic portraiture.[4] After Foley's sudden death in 1874, Brock finished several of his commissions, including the monument to Daniel O'Connell in Dublin and a large bronze equestrian statue of Lord Canning for Kolkata.[5][7][8] It was his completion of Foley's statue of Prince Albert for the Albert Memorial which first brought Brock to prominence and secured his position as an establishment sculptor.[7][6][9] He also assisted in the casting of Lord Leighton's greatly influential 1877 sculpture An Athlete Wrestling with a Python.[10]

Brock was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1883 and became a full member in 1891.[6] He was a founding member, and the first president, of the Society of British Sculptors.[11]

Thomas Brock in his studio, 1889

Brock's group The Moment of Peril (now in the garden of Leighton House) was followed by The Genius of Poetry, at the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. A plaster model for Eve was shown at the Royal Academy in 1898; a marble version (1900) is in the collection of the Tate and Brock also cast some smaller bronze replicas and other imaginative works that mark his development.[12] His portrait works include busts, such as those of Lord Leighton and Queen Victoria, statues, such as Sir Richard Owen and Henry Philpott, bishop of Worcester, and sepulchral monuments such as that of Lord Leighton in St Paul's Cathedral.[1][6][11]

1897 shilling, obverse portrait of Queen Victoria by Thomas Brock.

Brock made statues of Victoria to celebrate her golden and diamond jubilees and also designed the depiction of her "veiled" or "widowed" head, used on all gold, silver and bronze coinage between 1893 and 1901.[11]

In 1901 Brock won the commission to make a colossal equestrian statue of Edward the Black Prince for Leeds City Square. The same year, he was given perhaps his most significant commission, the vast multi-figure Imperial Memorial to Queen Victoria, to be erected in front of Buckingham Palace.[9] The unveiling of this memorial took place on 16 May 1911,[13] and according to legend King George V was so moved by the excellence of the memorial that he called for a sword and knighted Brock on the spot.[9] In any event, it was on the same day that the Lord Chamberlain’s Office notified The London Gazette that the king had ordered that Brock be appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.[14]

From 1914 to 1919 Brock returned to the post of president of the Society of British Sculptors.[11]

Brock married in 1869 and had eight children. He died in London on 22 August 1922 and is buried at Mayfield, East Sussex.[4]

Public monuments

1875–1889

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Richard Baxter St Mary's, Kidderminster 1875 Statue on pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26392189 Originally in the Bull Ring, Kidderminster and moved to its present site in March 1967.[15][16][17][18]

More images 		William Rathbone V Sefton Park, Liverpool 1877 Statue on pedestal with plaques Portland stone & bronze Grade II Q26333129 Statue by John Henry Foley, pedestal by Brock[19]

More images 		A Moment of Peril Rosenborg Castle Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark 1880 Sculpture group Bronze Q57542450 Replica of the original in the gardens of the Leighton House Museum in London.[20]

More images 		Statue of Robert Raikes Victoria Embankment Gardens, London 1880 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q19967451 [10][21][22]

More images 		Sir Rowland Hill Vicar Street, Kidderminster 1881 Statue on circular pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26392153 [18][23][24][25]
Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, Mumbai 1884 Statue Marble Moved in 1965 from north end of Oval, Mumbai[8]

More images 		Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, London 1884 Bust Marble [11][4][26]

More images 		William Menelaus National Museum Cardiff 1884 Bust Marble 72.4cm [27]

More images 		Colin Minton Campbell London Road, Stoke-on-Trent 1887 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone 5.05m high [18][28]

More images 		Queen Victoria Shire Hall, Worcester 1887 Statue on pedestal Marble and granite Grade II Q26669257 [18][29]

More images 		Statue of Henry Bartle Frere Whitehall Gardens, London 1888 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite 3.4m tall Grade II Q21286428 [10][30][22][6]


1890–1899

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Queen Victoria Houses of Parliament, Cape Town, South Africa 1890 Statue on pedestal Granite pedestal Q20614583

More images 		Daniel O'Connell St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne, Australia Erected 1891 Statue on pedestal Bronze [31]

More images 		Bishop Henry Philpott Worcester Cathedral 1892 Seated statue on pedestal Marble and stone [11][32][33]

More images 		Lord Arthur Hervey Wells Cathedral post-1894 Chest tomb with effigy & putti Marble and stone Grade I [11][34]
Richard Owen Natural History Museum, London 1896 Statue on pedestal Bronze and marble [11][35]

More images 		Memorial to Sir Augustus Harris Catherine St. facade of Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 1897 Wall mounted drinking fountain and sculpture Granite and bronze Grade I Memorial architect: Sidney R. J. Smith [36]

More images 		William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr Upper Thomas Street, Merthyr Tydfil 1898 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q29489929 [18][37]

More images 		Henry Tate Tate Britain 1898 Bust Bronze 533 x 584 x 356mm [38]

More images 		Thomas Hughes Rugby School 1899 Statue on pedestal [39]


1900–1909

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Queen Victoria Victoria Square, Birmingham 1901, recast 1951 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q47460184 Recast by William Bloye from Brock's original marble statue in 1951[40]

More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Grand Avenue, Hove Unveiled 1901 Statue on pedestal Bronze and marble Grade II Q26482744 [18][41][42]

More images 		Lord Frederic Leighton memorial St Paul's Cathedral, London 1902 Effigy on pedestal & plinth with supporting figures Bronze and coloured marbles [43]

More images 		Queen Victoria Carlton House Terrace, London Unveiled 1902, relocated 1971 Statue Marble 1.9m tall Q19927909 [10]

More images 		Queen Victoria Bitts Park, Carlisle 1902 Statue on pedestal & steps Bronze and granite Grade II Q26513391 [44][45]
Royal Scots Fusiliers memorial Burns Statue Square, Ayr 1902 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Category B Q17834558 [46][47]

More images 		Edward, the Black Prince Leeds City Square 1903 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II* Q17533834 [18][48][6]

More images 		Queen Victoria Belfast City Hall. 1903 Statue on pedestal and steps with sculptures Marble, Portland stone, bronze Grade A Q17778520 [49][50]

More images 		Edward James Harland Belfast City Hall 1903 Statue on pedestal Stone Q17778453 [51]

More images 		William Ewart Gladstone St John's Gardens, Liverpool 1904 Statue on pedestal, relief panel with 2 statues at base Bronze Grade II Q26333153 [18][52]

More images 		William Ewart Gladstone North transept, Westminster Abbey, London 1904 Statue on pedestal Marble [4][53][54]

More images 		Sir John Everett Millais Tate Britain, London 1905 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone 6.7m tall Grade II Q27080819 [10][55][56]

More images 		Sir Henry Tate Brixton Oval, London 1905 Bust on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Q27087718 [18][57]

More images 		Statue of Queen Victoria Queen's Park, Bangalore 1906 Statue on pedestal Marble and sandstone Q22116770 [8][58]

More images 		Queen Victoria Queens Gardens, Brisbane, Australia 1906 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone [59]

More images 		General John Nicholson Royal School Dungannon, County Tyrone 1906 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade B+ Q17861889 Originally erected in Kolkata, moved to Delhi then relocated to Dungannon in 1960.[60][61][62][8]


1910–1919

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Statue of Sir Henry Irving Charing Cross Road, London 1910 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone Grade II Q18162015 [10][63]
Edward VII King Edward VII Galleries, British Museum 1911 Bust Gilded bronze 77cm by 78.3cm Marble copy in Buckingham Palace[64][65]

More images 		Victoria Memorial, London The Mall, London Unveiled 1911, completed 1924 Sculpture on pillar with statues and fountains Marble, bronze, Portland stone Grade I Q1333411 [10][18][66][6][67]

More images 		William Lewis, 1st Baron Merthyr Aberdare Park, Aberdare 1913 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q29489480 [68]

More images 		Navigation Admiralty Arch, London 1908–1913 Wall-mounted statue Portland stone Grade I [69]

More images 		Gunnery Admiralty Arch, London 1908–1913 Wall-mounted statue Portland stone Grade I [69][70]

More images 		Statue of Captain James Cook The Mall, London 1914 Statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone Grade II Q17514442 [18][10][71][72]
Joseph Lister Westminster Abbey, London 1915 Portrait medallion Marble [4]

More images 		Edward VII Queen's Park, Toronto 1919 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Q122417547 Originally erected in Delhi, India, relocated to Canada in 1969 as a gift of the government of India.[73][8]


1920 and later

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes

More images 		Titanic Memorial, Belfast Belfast City Hall 1920 Statue group on pedestal Stone Q7809806 [50]

More images 		Edward VII Macquarie Street, Sydney, Australia 1921 Equestrian statue on pedestal Bronze and stone Brock won the commission in 1915, but the work was not finished and delivered until 1921.[74]

More images 		Queen Victoria Victoria Memorial, Kolkata, India 1921 Statue on pedestal Marble Q92360284 Completed 1917, unveiled 1921[8][75][76]

More images 		Captain Charles Grant Seely St Olave's Church, Gatcombe, Isle of Wight. 1922 Sculpture on box tomb Marble and stone Q93239404 Brock's final completed work.[77][78]

More images 		Memorial to Joseph Lister Portland Place, London 1924 Bust on column with sculptures Bronze and granite Grade II Q21541736 [79]

More images 		War memorial Queen's University, Belfast 1924 Statue group on pedestal Bronze and granite Q66459168 [80]

More images 		Joseph Lister National Portrait Gallery, London 1927 Bust Bronze Cast 1927 from a 1912–13 plaster work.[81]

More images 		Robert Raikes Gloucester 1930 Statue on pedestal Bronze and stone A copy of Brock's 1880 statue in London[18][82]


Other works

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
  3. ^ Mark Stocker (3 January 2008). "Brock, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32080. Retrieved 5 June 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Thomas Brock - shaping the 'New Sculpture' movement". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  5. ^ a b c University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Sir Thomas Brock RA, KCB, PRBS, HRSA". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Susan Beattie (1983). The New Sculpture. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art / Yale University Press. ISBN 0300033591.
  7. ^ a b "Sir Thomas Brock RA (1847–1922)". Royal Academy. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mary Ann Steggles & Richard Barnes (2011). British Sculpture in India: New Views & Old Memories. Frontier Publishing. ISBN 9781872914411.
  9. ^ a b c Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837-1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h John Blackwood (1989). London's Immortels. The Complete Outdoor Commemorative Statues. Savoy Press. ISBN 0951429604.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Thomas Brock PPRSS (1847–1922)". Royal Society of Sculptors. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Sir Thomas Brock: Eve, 1900". Tate. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  13. ^ "Victoria Memorial Is Unveiled by King George". Dundee Evening Telegraph. No. 10699. British Newspaper Archive. 16 May 1911. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  14. ^ The London Gazette, Issue 28496, 19 May 1911, p. 3816
  15. ^ The Buildings of England: Worcestershire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1968 p207
  16. ^ Kidderminster Since 1800, Ken Tomkinson and George Hall, 1975, pp. 209–210.
  17. ^ Historic England. "The Baxter Monument (1100091)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Jo Darke (1991). The Monument Guide to England and Wales. Macdonald Illustrated. ISBN 0-356-17609-6.
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  20. ^ "A Moment of Peril". The Victorian Web. 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Robert Raikes (1066179)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
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Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thomas Brock.
Preceded by Coins of the pound sterling
Obverse sculptor
1892 		Succeeded by

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