The film industry created the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry (NAMPI) in 1916 in an effort to preempt censorship by states and municipalities, and it used a list of subjects called the "Thirteen Points" which film plots were to avoid. The Money Changers, with its white slavery plot line, is an example of a film that clearly violated the Thirteen Points and yet was still distributed.[2] Since the NAMPI was ineffective, it was replaced in 1922.
