The Homesman

The Homesman
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTommy Lee Jones
Screenplay by
  • Tommy Lee Jones
  • Kieran Fitzgerald
  • Wesley Oliver
Based onThe Homesman
by Glendon Swarthout
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRodrigo Prieto
Edited byRoberto Silvi
Music byMarco Beltrami
Production
companies
Distributed byRoadside Attractions
Saban Films[1] (United States)
EuropaCorp Distribution (France)
Release dates
  • May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18) (Cannes)
  • November 14, 2014 (2014-11-14) (United States)
Running time
123 minutes[2]
Countries
  • United States
  • France[3]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$16 million[4]
Box office$8.2 million[4]

The Homesman is a 2014 Western historical drama film set in the 1850s Midwest and directed by Tommy Lee Jones. Jones, Kieran Fitzgerald, and Wesley Oliver based the screenplay on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout. The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep, Grace Gummer, Miranda Otto, Hailee Steinfeld, John Lithgow, Jesse Plemons, and James Spader.

The Homesman competed for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival[5] and got a North American limited release on November 14, 2014, by Roadside Attractions.[6][7] The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 81%.

The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home, which was typically a man's job.

Plot

In 1854, Mary Bee Cuddy, a 31-year-old unmarried teacher from New York, came to the Midwest for more opportunities. In the small farming community of Loup in the Nebraska Territory she owns sizable property and is financially secure. Though she seems strong and independent, she suffers from depression and feels isolated. She invites her neighbor Bob Giffen for dinner and proposes marriage, but he turns her down, saying she is plain-looking and too bossy. He leaves to find a wife back east.

After a harsh winter, three women in the community show signs of prairie madness. Arabella Sours has lost three children to diphtheria, and Gro Svendsen, a Danish immigrant in an abusive marriage, breaks down after her mother dies. Theoline Belknap kills her own child after a poor harvest. Reverend Dowd calls upon one of their husbands to escort the women east to Lady's Aid Society Methodist Church in Hebron, Iowa, which cares for the mentally ill. Theoline's husband Vester refuses to participate in the lottery to decide who will escort the women; Cuddy takes his place, and the lot falls on her.

While preparing for the trip, Cuddy encounters George Briggs, a claim jumper, who has been left on horseback with a noose around his neck for stealing Bob Giffen's land in his absence. Scared to make the trip alone, she frees him, on the condition that he help escort the women. He immediately casts doubt on the job and insists he be free to abandon her at any time. To persuade him, Cuddy tells him she will mail $300 to await his arrival in Iowa, but she secretly keeps it with her.

The group crosses paths with hostile Pawnee. Briggs bribes them by giving up Cuddy's horse. Later, Arabella is kidnapped. Briggs gives chase, and the two men scuffle before Arabella kills her kidnapper. Eventually, the group reaches the grave of an 11-year-old girl which has been desecrated by Indians. Cuddy insists they stop and restore it, but Briggs vows to push on, so Cuddy stays behind, saying she will catch up with them. After restoring the grave, Cuddy sets out on horseback but loses her way. After riding all night she finds herself back at the grave and realizes she has gone in a circle.

Finally catching up to Briggs after another night of riding, Cuddy, distraught over having to wander the prairie, suggests they marry. Briggs declines, saying he "ain't no farmer". Briggs finds Cuddy dead, having hanged herself. Briggs chastises Sours, Belknap, and Svendsen, blaming their illness for Cuddy's death as he buries her body. He finds the $300, takes a horse, and abandons the three women. However, the trio follows him on foot, and Arabella almost drowns while chasing him across a river. Briggs saves her and decides to go on to Iowa.

They reach an empty hotel. The proprietor, Irishman Aloysius Duffy, says they have no rooms available as a group of 16 investors are expected shortly, and the women would sour the establishment. Briggs lashes out at Duffy, whose men pull out their guns, resulting in a brief stand-off. Briggs leaves, but returns that night alone on horseback. He sends away the young cook, sets the hotel on fire, and shoots Duffy in the foot. Briggs takes a suckling pig to feed himself and the women and leaves all inside the hotel to be burned alive.

Briggs reaches Hebron, passing the women into the care of Altha Carter, the reverend's wife. He informs her of Cuddy's death but does not disclose the cause. Guilty about having rejected her proposal, he has a wooden slab engraved with her name, planning to mark her grave with it. He discovers that his $300 is worthless, the Bank of Loup having failed since they left. He gives a pair of shoes to Tabitha Hutchinson, a hard-working young maid at the hotel where he is staying, and then proposes to her, after advising her not to marry some young man going west, but to stay in town. She replies, "Maybe." He then boards the open-decked river ferry heading back west, where he sings a rowdy song with two musicians on deck. Briggs fires his pistol and shouts at people on the pier who complain about the noise. Eventually, one of the bargemen kicks Mary Bee's wooden grave marker off the edge of the deck into the river; unnoticed by Briggs, it floats away.

Cast

Themes

The film shows the unsparingly harsh and difficult life of early settlers of the American Midwest in the 1850s. The Homesman has been called a "feminist western".[8] A critic and interview with Hilary Swank noted that the lives of women during this time are rarely explored, as opposed to men, while also commenting on today's societal pressures for women to be married and have children and to be perfect wives and mothers.[8][9]

Music

Main article: The Homesman (soundtrack)

Critics have praised Marco Beltrami's music. The score emphasizes the use of wind sounds to show how early settlers had to endure the constant wind without solid shelter, which imitates the character themes of being mentally undone by the elements that surround them. Beltrami used inventive measures such as using a "wind piano" and recording outside. Beltrami said the goal was to take the "warmth" out of the sound to dissipate the air.[10]

Release

Director and cast at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival

The Homesman premiered on May 18, 2014, in competition at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. The film also was screened at the 2014 Telluride Film Festival, and the AFI Film Festival, among others. Saban Films bought the film after Cannes for release, with Roadside Attractions joining to distribute the film in the U.S. EuropaCorp distributed the film abroad.[7][11] The film had a limited release in the United States on November 7, 2014.[12][13][1][14]

Critical response

The Homesman received mostly positive reviews from critics, with particulars standing out being Swank's performance, the cinematography, score, and costumes. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an 81% approval rating based on 148 reviews, with a rating average of 7.1/10. The site's consensus: "A squarely traditional yet somewhat progressive Western, The Homesman adds another absorbing entry to Tommy Lee Jones' directorial résumé".[15] Metacritic gives the film a score of 68/100 based on 43 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.[16]

Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times wrote: "Swank and Jones, in particular, are a very good odd couple, playing saint and sinner, sometimes reversing the roles. What the directing side of Jones does best is to cede the spotlight to his star. He builds a strong platform for Swank to take on yet another woman who refuses to be bound by gender conventions".[17]

Andrew O'Hehir of Salon wrote: "Swank gives a magnificent performance as a woman whose calm and capable exterior cannot completely conceal her worsening desperation. In its unsentimental poetry, its stripped-down imagery and its unforgettable lead performances, 'The Homesman' is a ruthless Western classic ... cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto’s harsh, horizontal landscapes—like the haunting, unsettling score by Marco Beltrami—are anything but picturesque and reassuring, and serve to support a strikingly bleak portrait of life on the 19th-century American frontier".[18]

In contrast, Claudia Puig of USA Today wrote: "Set on the Great Plains in the mid-1800s, 'The Homesman' aims for a story that's poignant and told sparely, but comes across as mawkish, tedious and self-indulgent. Swank brings a gravitas to her character that is undermined when some of her antics are played for laughs. In a 10-minute cameo, Meryl Streep's character is more fully developed than any of the leads' roles. The story attempts to show how hard it was for women in the Old West, but it ends up being Jones' surly show".[19]

Accolades

List of accolades received by The Homesman
Year Award Category Recipient(s) Result
2014 2014 Cannes Film Festival[5] Palme d'Or Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards[20] Best Actress Hilary Swank Nominated
Best Actor Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards[21] Best Actress Hilary Swank Runner-up
San Diego Film Critics Society Awards[22] Best Actress Nominated
Women Film Critics Circle Awards[23][24] Best Movie About Women Nominated
Best Male Images in a Movie Nominated
Best Actor Tommy Lee Jones Nominated
Courage in Acting Award Hilary Swank Nominated
The Invisible Woman Award Nominated
Best Ensemble (Women's Work) Won
World Soundtrack Awards[25] Film Composer of The Year Marco Beltrami Nominated
International Film Music Critics Association[26] Composer of the Year Nominated
Best Original Score for a Drama Won
2015 Western Heritage Award Outstanding Theatrical Motion Picture The Javelina Film Company and Itacha Films Won
Spur Award[27] Best Western Drama Script Tommy Lee Jones, Kieran Fitzgerald, Wesley A. Oliver Won
Gradiva Award (NAAP) Best Film Director Tommy Lee Jones Nominated

References

  1. ^ a b Fleming, Mike (February 18, 2014). "Saban Films, Roadside Take Cannes Pic 'The Homesman'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  2. ^ "The Homesman (15)". British Board of Film Classification. August 26, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  3. ^ "LUMIERE : Film: The Homesman". lumiere.obs.coe.int. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
  4. ^ a b "The Homesman (2014) - Financial Information". The-numbers.com. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  5. ^ a b "2014 Official Selection". Cannes Film Festival. April 17, 2014. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  6. ^ McClintock, Pamela (May 22, 2014). "Cannes: Tommy Lee Jones' 'The Homesman' Goes to Saban Films in U.S." The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  7. ^ a b Tartaglione, Nancy (May 22, 2014). "Cannes: Saban Saddles Up North American Rights To Tommy Lee Jones' 'The Homesman'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Adams, Thelma (November 16, 2014). "Interview: Hilary Swank stands tall, dives deep discussing 'The Homesman'". Thelmadams.com. Retrieved May 29, 2017. Ultimately (Jones) made a feminist movie and it shows his heart and how multi-faceted he truly is
  9. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 20, 2014). "The Biggest Outdoor Wind Harp In Malibu". Los Angeles Weekly. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  10. ^ Greiving, Tim (November 22, 2014). "In 'The Homesman,' Wind Is The Sound Of Insanity". Npr.org. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  11. ^ "CANNES: How Tommy Lee Jones Financed 'The Homesman' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. May 13, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  12. ^ "The Homesman". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  13. ^ Chang, Justin; Keslassy, Elsa (April 17, 2014). "Cannes Film Festival: Official Selection Lineup Announced". Variety. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  14. ^ Brueggemann, Tom (May 14, 2016). "Arthouse Audit: 'Foxcatcher' Strong, 'Rosewater' So-So, 'The Homesman' Modest". IndieWire. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  15. ^ "The Homesman (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  16. ^ "The Homesman Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  17. ^ "Review: Harsh land and raw, maddening emotion test 'The Homesman'". Los Angeles Times. November 13, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  18. ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (November 14, 2014). ""The Homesman": Tommy Lee Jones and Hilary Swank are unforgettable in a ruthless, classic western". Salon.com. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  19. ^ Puig, Claudia (November 13, 2014). "'Homesman' is a bunch of malarkey". USA Today. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  20. ^ "Phoenix Film Critics Society nominees for 2014". AZ Central. December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  21. ^ Thompson, Anne (December 7, 2014). "'Boyhood' Picks Up Five Boston Film Critics Awards". IndieWire. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  22. ^ "2014 San Diego Film Critics Award Nominations". sdfcs.org. December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  23. ^ "Women film critics hail 'Still Alice,' 'Selma,' 'Homesman' as 2014's best". UPI. December 14, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  24. ^ "'The Homesman' leads 2014 Women Film Critics Circle nominations". Uproxx. December 14, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  25. ^ "Nominees for World Soundtrack Awards". World Soundtrack Awards. August 12, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  26. ^ "Marco Beltrami receives IFMCA Award for The Homesman". filmmusiccritics.org. July 24, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  27. ^ "The Homesman screenplay Wins WWA Spur Award". PR Newswire. March 12, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2023.

Read other articles:

Environnement biophysique

Ne doit pas être confondu avec mode de vie. Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’écologie scientifique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Les résidents font la promotion des activités de service communautaire le matin pour nettoyer l'environnement du village afin qu'il ait l'air propre, ordonné, sain et soigné. L’environnement biophysique, appelé aussi milieu biophysique ou milieu d...

 

Christmas EveL

Christmas EveLSampul digitalalbum singel karya Stray KidsDirilis29 November 2021 (2021-11-29)Studio JYPE (Seoul) Channie's Room (Seoul) Genre Natal hip hop pop Durasi13:50BahasaKoreaInggrisLabelJYPProduser J.Y. Park The Asiansoul 3Racha HotSauce Nickko Young Earattack Versachoi Kronologi Stray Kids Noeasy(2021) Christmas EveL(2021) SKZ2021(2021) Singel dalam album Stray Kids Christmas EveLDirilis: 29 November 2021 (2021-11-29) Winter FallsDirilis: 29 November 2021 (2021-11-...

 

The Hostages (film)

1975 British film by David Eady For other uses, see Hostage (disambiguation). The HostagesOpening titlesDirected byDavid EadyScreenplay byMichael BarnesCinematographyJo JagoMusic byHarry RobinsonProductioncompanyEady-Barnes ProductionsRunning time58 minutesCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglish The Hostages is a 1975 British children's adventure film directed by David Eady and starring Stephen Garlick, Jayne Collins, Peter Marshall, Julian Holloway and Robin Askwith.[1] It was produced ...

Zeni

Anggota zeni Polandia di Pakistan.Zeni (bahasa Belanda: genie; bahasa Inggris: combat engineer, pioneer, atau sapper) adalah satuan militer yang melakukan tugas-tugas teknik militer untuk mendukung operasi tempur pasukan darat. Insinyur tempur melakukan berbagai tugas teknik militer, perang terowongan, perang ranjau serta konstruksi dan pembongkaran di dalam dan di luar zona pertempuran.[1][2] Pasukan zeni memfasilitasi mobilitas pasukan kawan dan menghambat pergerakan musuh. ...

 

Tethys (satelit)

Tethys. Tethys adalah sebuah satelit alami Saturnus yang ditemukan oleh Giovanni Domenico Cassini tahun 1684.[1] Nama Tethys berasal dari mitologi Yunani. Satelit ini juga disebut Saturnus III atau S III Tethys. Cassini menamai 4 bulan yang ia temukan tahun 1671–1684 (Tethys, Dione, Rhea dan Iapetus) Sidera Lodoicea (bintang Louis) untuk menghormati Raja Louis XIV dari PrancisLouis XIV. Etimologi Kata Tethys berasal dari mitologi yunani yaitu Tethis,Seorang dewi laut yunani. Re...

 

Fausto Cercignani

Fausto Cercignani, 2011. Fausto Cercignani (pengucapan bahasa Italia: [ˈfausto tʃertʃiɲˈɲani]; lahir 21 Maret 1941) adalah seorang sarjana, penulis esai dan penyair Italia. Kegiatan Fausto Cercignani telah mengajar Filologi Jermanik dan Sejarah Bahasa Inggris di berbagai Universitas Italia.[1] Di bidang studi bahasa Inggris, ia terkenal karena penyelidikannya pada William Shakespeare.[2] Karya utamanya tentang subjek ini adalah Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunc...

Once a Gangster

Once a GangsterSutradaraFelix ChongProduserAlan MakRonald WongDitulis olehChapman ToFelix ChongLau Ho LeungPemeranEkin ChengJordan ChanPenata musikKen ChanSinematograferTso Lin YauPenyuntingChan Chi WaiDistributor Media Asia DistributionTanggal rilis20 Mei 2010Durasi95 menitNegara Hong KongBahasaKantonis Once a Gangster (Hanzi tradisional: 飛砂風中轉; Hanzi: 飞砂风中转) adalah sebuah film aksi-komedi-petualangan Hong Kong dirilis pada tahun 2010. Film ini disutradarai oleh...

 

马来亚大学

马来亚大学University of Malaya（英語）Universiti Malaya（馬來語）老校名七州府医学堂、爱德华七世医学院、莱佛士学院校训Knowledge is the Source of Progress（英語）Ilmu Punca Kemajuan（馬來語）校訓中譯「知识乃成功之本」创办时间1905年9月28日，​118年前​（1905-09-28）[1][2]学校类型国立综合研究型大学捐贈基金$385 million（2017年8月）校监Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni Almar...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

8th CPLP Summit

8th biennial meeting of heads of government This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 8th CPLP Summit – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) VIII Conference of Heads of State & Government of the CPLP8th CPLP SummitThe 8th CPLP Summit; L...

 

Sekolah Partai Pusat

Sekolah Partai Pusat Partai Komunis Tiongkok中共中央党校JenisSekolah Partai Pusat Partai Komunis TiongkokDidirikan1933PresidenChen XiWakil PresidenHe Yiting (eksekutif)Jumlah mahasiswa1.300LokasiBeijing, Tiongkok40°00′25″N 116°16′49″E / 40.007007°N 116.280241°E / 40.007007; 116.280241Koordinat: 40°00′25″N 116°16′49″E / 40.007007°N 116.280241°E / 40.007007; 116.280241KampusUrban, Jalan Dayouzhuang 100, Distrik Haidia...

 

乔冠华

乔冠华 中华人民共和国外交部部长 中国人民对外友好协会顾问 任期1974年11月—1976年12月总理周恩来 → 华国锋前任姬鹏飞继任黄华 个人资料性别男出生(1913-03-28)1913年3月28日 中華民國江蘇省盐城县逝世1983年9月22日(1983歲—09—22)（70歲） 中华人民共和国北京市籍贯江蘇鹽城国籍 中华人民共和国政党 中国共产党配偶明仁（1940年病逝） 龚澎（1970年病逝） 章含�...

Largy

Hamlet in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland PlaceLargyhamlet, townlandCoordinates: 54°59′46″N 6°56′35″W / 54.996°N 6.943°W / 54.996; -6.943 Largy (from Irish Leargaidh, meaning 'hillside')[1] is a small hamlet and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is 5 km south of Limavady, beside the B192 Limavady to Dungiven road. In 1991, its population was 90 but in the 2001 Census this had risen to 144. It is situated within Causeway ...

 

112e congrès des États-Unis

112e congrès des États-Unis Le Capitole des États-Unis, où se réunit le Congrès, en 2011. 3 janvier 2011 – 3 janvier 2013 Sénat Président Joe Biden Président pro tempore Daniel Inouye (jusqu'au 17 décembre 2012)Patrick Leahy (à partir du 17 décembre 2012) Membres 100 sénateurs Majorité Parti démocrate Chambre des représentants Président John Boehner Membres 435 représentants6 membres sans vote Majorité Parti républicain Sessions 1re : 5 janvier 2011 – 3 janvier 2...

 

Bastet

Ancient Egyptian goddess For other uses of Bastet, see Bastet (disambiguation). For other uses of Bast, see Bast. BastetBastet in her late form of a cat-headed woman (rather than a lioness) holding an ankh and sistrumName in hieroglyphs [1]Major cult centerBubastisSymbollioness, cat, ointment jar, sistrum, solar diskPersonal informationParentsRa and IsisSiblingsHorus and Anhur (half-brothers)ConsortPtah (in some myths)OffspringMaahes Bastet or Bast (Ancient Egyptian: bꜣstjt, Coptic:...

Solar power in Nevada

Overview of solar power in the U.S. state of Nevada Nellis Solar Power Plant Solar power in Nevada is growing due to a Renewable Portfolio Standard which requires 50% renewable energy by 2030. The state has abundant open land areas and some of the best solar potential in the country.[1] Solar power plants Main article: List of power stations in Nevada § Solar photovoltaic 2017 electricity generation in Nevada by source. The number and size of photovoltaic power stations in Nevad...

 

Kissing Strangers

2017 single by DNCE featuring Nicki Minaj For the Usher song, see Coming Home (Usher album). Kissing StrangersSingle by DNCE featuring Nicki MinajReleasedApril 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)GenrePopLength3:22LabelRepublicSongwriter(s)Onika MarajJustin TranterMattias LarssonRobin FredrikssonProducer(s)Mattman & RobinDNCE singles chronology Body Moves (2016) Kissing Strangers (2017) Da Ya Think I'm Sexy? (2017) Nicki Minaj singles chronology Light My Body Up(2017) Kissing Stra...

 

Robert Henry Cain

Manx recipient of the Victoria Cross For other people with the same name, see Robert Cain. MajorRobert Henry CainVC TDRobert Henry Cain at his VC investitureBorn(1909-01-02)2 January 1909Shanghai, ChinaDied2 May 1974(1974-05-02) (aged 65)Crowborough, SussexBuriedBraddan Cemetery, Isle of ManAllegiance United Kingdom/British EmpireService/branch British ArmyYears of service1928–1945RankMajorService number129484UnitRoyal Northumberland Fusiliersattached South Staffordshire...

Wally Grout

Australian cricketer Wally GroutGrout in 1957Personal informationFull nameArthur Theodore Wallace GroutBorn(1927-03-30)30 March 1927Mackay, Queensland, AustraliaDied9 November 1968(1968-11-09) (aged 41)Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaNicknameThe Voice; Griz[1]BattingRight-handedRoleWicket-keeperInternational information National sideAustraliaTest debut (cap 206)23 December 1957 v South AfricaLast Test16 February 1966 v England Domestic team inform...

 

西本願寺

西本願寺 画像中央に西本願寺の境内一帯がある。 所在地 京都府京都市下京区堀川通花屋町下ル本願寺門前町60位置 北緯34度59分31.37秒 東経135度45分5.8秒 / 北緯34.9920472度 東経135.751611度 / 34.9920472; 135.751611座標: 北緯34度59分31.37秒 東経135度45分5.8秒 / 北緯34.9920472度 東経135.751611度 / 34.9920472; 135.751611山号 龍谷山豅山宗旨 浄土真宗宗派 浄土�...