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The Great Sioux Massacre
The Great Sioux Massacre
	Original film poster
Directed by	Sidney Salkow
Screenplay by	Marvin A. Gluck; (as Fred C. Dobbs)
Story by	Sidney Salkow; Marvin A. Gluck; (as Marvin Gluck)
Produced by	Leon Fromkess
Starring	Joseph Cotten; Darren McGavin; Philip Carey
Cinematography	Irving Lippman
Edited by	William Austin
Music by	Emil Newman; Edward B. Powell
Production; company	Leon Fromkess-Sam Firks Productions
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	June 1, 1965;
Running time	102 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

The Great Sioux Massacre is a 1965 American Western war film directed by Sidney Salkow in CinemaScope using extensive action sequences from Salkow's 1954 Sitting Bull. In a fictionalized form, it depicts Custer's descent from a defender of the Indians from Federal interference to an incompetent warmonger, and the Indians as his victims, and covers events leading up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn and Custer's Last Stand.

It stars Joseph Cotten, Darren McGavin and Philip Carey.

Plot

The film begins at a Board of Inquiry over the Battle of the Little Big Horn; specifically examining the conduct of Major Marcus Reno. Captain Bill Benton (perhaps inspired by Frederick Benteen) is called to the stand, and rather than merely answer questions from the board states that he will tell his version of the "true story" that the audience sees through flashback.

Benton relates his first arrival in the Wild West in 1875, where his detachment is escorting the wife of the local Indian Agent Mr. Turner. The Indians attack the party and abduct Mrs Turner away from Benton's command. Benton's army scout "Dakota" advises against tracking the Indians until the next day due to their laying of false trails that lead into ambushes. Dakota and Benton come across a wounded Indian whom Dakota shoots, saying sarcastically he would now not have to starve on an Indian Reservation.

Received by his commanding officer Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer, Benton is gently told his first encounter with the enemy has been disastrous but Custer confirms that he did the right thing by following Dakota's advice not to pursue the hostile party. Custer invites Benton to a dress dance held at the fort that evening and dismisses the distraught Mr. Turner by telling him that he will visit the hostile Indians who abducted his wife in the morning.

Benton's fiancee Caroline Reno is at the fort, but their relationship has grown cold due to Caroline's father Major Marcus Reno holding a grudge against Benton. At the dress ball, where Custer wears a major general's tunic with Colonel's insignia, Major Reno drunkenly comes in and demands everyone address and salute him as "Major General Reno" due to his former rank in the Confederate States Army. Custer replies with good nature, attempting to reconcile the former warriors of the North and South, but Reno is in a bad mood. He physically attacks Benton but only hits the floor, prompting Benton to inform Caroline that her "family tree has fallen".

The next day Benton and Custer go to meet Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull to negotiate Mrs. Turner's release. The Indians propose that Custer release all his Indian prisoners in exchange for Mrs. Turner. Custer decides on a compromise: he will hang the Indian leaders if Mrs. Turner is not released. The Indians reluctantly agree and Mrs. Turner is released.

Custer gains Benton's respect by Custer's disgust at the incompetent Indian agents who he feels have been put in place by a corrupt Federal administration that Custer and his wife Libby will confront in Washington. Before their departure the captive Indians unsuccessfully attempt to escape and are slaughtered.

In Washington, D.C., Colonel Custer destroys his military career by formally accusing many Federal politicians with corruption, including Orvil Grant, the brother of President Ulysses S. Grant. When the President refuses to meet with Custer, he begins to realize his military career may have come to a premature end.

Meanwhile, back in the West the Army's commander General Alfred Howe Terry visits the fort and summons Major Reno and Captain Benton to inform them that Custer is going to be court martialed. Major Reno is deflated when the General offers Captain Benton command of the 7th Cavalry Regiment and a promotion to brevet colonel. Captain Benton refuses and considers resigning his commission out of loyalty to his commander. When Terry offers the same command to Reno, Caroline browbeats her father, which leads him to also reject the offer; he subsequently gives his blessing to Caroline's and Benton's marriage and gives up his drinking.

In Washington, Senator James G. Blaine visits the humbled Custer and tempts him with an offer to be his party's candidate for President of the United States. The Senator informs Custer this can be accomplished through obtaining a reputation through his military exploits in a war with the Indians. The Senator assigns a newspaper journalist (likely based on Mark Kellogg) to Custer, who is sent back without court martial to his regiment.

Benton notices that Custer's empathetic feelings for the Native Americans have vanished and he is pushing his regiment into a war where he can claim glory. Custer motivates his command by personally shooting deserters in the back—including his scout Dakota, who had defected to the Indian side. This prompts Benton to strike his commanding officer, resulting in his arrest. He is later freed by Indians who know of his attempts to help their people at the aborted escape attempt. His Indian friends are later ambushed by a cavalry patrol while Benton attempts to warn Colonel Custer of a massed Indian army made up of forces from several tribes.

Custer fails to take sufficient heed of the warnings, and divides his forces, weakening them. Thereafter, events unfold similarly to the historical Battle of the Little Big Horn.

Cast

Joseph Cotten as Major Marcus Reno
Darren McGavin as Captain Bill Benton
Philip Carey as Colonel George Armstrong Custer
Julie Sommars as Caroline Reno
Nancy Kovack as Libbie Custer
John Matthews as Dakota
Michael Pate as Sitting Bull
Don Haggerty as Senator James Blaine
Frank Ferguson as Gen. Alfred Howe Terry
Stacy Harris as Mr. Turner
Iron Eyes Cody as Crazy Horse
House Peters Jr. as Reporter
John Napier as Tom Custer
William Tannen as Miner
Blair Davies as Presiding officer
Louise Serpa as Mrs. Turner

Production

The Great Sioux Massacre was one of a series of films released by Columbia Pictures in the early to mid-1960s that were built around the reuse of large-scale action footage from other films, such as Nathan Juran's Siege of the Saxons (1963) and East of Sudan (1964) and John Gilling's The Brigand of Kandahar (1965). Filmed near Old Tucson, west of Tucson, Arizona, the action scenes in flat desert do not coincide with the hilly wooded Mexican landscapes of Salkow's Sitting Bull (1954).

The screenplay by Salkow and Marvin Gluck was credited as "Fred C. Dobbs", the name of Humphrey Bogart's character in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and then the name of a nightclub on Sunset Strip.^[1] Italian American and faux Native American actor Iron Eyes Cody, who also played Crazy Horse in Salkow's Sitting Bull, had appeared in the 1936 Custer's Last Stand. Iron Eyes also acted as technical adviser on the film. Louise Serpa, who played Mrs Turner, was a renowned rodeo photographer.^[2]