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The Garment Jungle
The Garment Jungle
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Vincent Sherman
Screenplay by	Harry Kleiner
Based on	articles "Gangsters in the Dress Business"; by Lester Velie
Produced by	Harry Kleiner
Starring	Lee J. Cobb; Kerwin Mathews; Gia Scala; Richard Boone; Valerie French
Cinematography	Joseph F. Biroc
Edited by	William Lyon
Music by	Leith Stevens
Color process	Black and white
Production; company	Columbia Pictures
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	April 25, 1957 (United States);
Running time	88 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1,050,000
Box office	260,086 admissions (France)

The Garment Jungle is a 1957 American film noir crime film directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Lee J. Cobb, Kerwin Mathews, Gia Scala, Richard Boone and Valerie French.^[3]

Plot

Alan Mitchell is a returning Korean War veteran who joins his father Walter's garment company, Roxton Fashions. The company has been paying protection money to gangsters led by Artie Ravidge to keep the union out.

Walter's partner, Fred Kenner, sympathizes with the union's goals. After he tells Walter to sever his ties with the hoodlum enforcers, Kenner is killed when the freight elevator he enters, which was just 'fixed' by one of the hoods disguised as a repairman, plunges 12 stories to the bottom of the shaft.

Tulio Renata is an organizer trying to bring the union into the factory; he also later gets murdered by Ravidge's men, and his wife Theresa Renata endures threats against herself and their child.

Alan Mitchell comes to sympathize with the plight of the workers. When he finally convinces his father to fire the union-busting gangsters, Walter is killed and Ravidge attempts to take over the factory. Theresa Renata takes copies of Mitchell's records to the police, who arrest Ravidge.

Cast

Lee J. Cobb as Walter Mitchell
Kerwin Mathews as Alan Mitchell
Gia Scala as Theresa Renata
Richard Boone as Artie Ravidge
Valerie French as Lee Hackett
Robert Loggia as Tulio Renata
Joseph Wiseman as George Kovan
Harold J. Stone as Tony
Adam Williams as Ox
Wesley Addy as Mr. Paul
Willis Bouchey as Dave Bronson
Robert Ellenstein as Fred Kenner
Celia Lovsky as Tulio's mother

Production

Development

In November 1955 Columbia announced they had purchased the rights to a Reader's Digest article, "Gangsters in the Dress Business" by Lester Velie, about the efforts of organized crime to infiltrate the garment industry. Harry Kleiner was assigned to write and produce. It was to be called Garment Center. Executive producer Jerry Wald said the film would pay tribute to the efforts of unions to fight crime, and be shot in part on location in the garment district in New York.^[4]

Robert Aldrich

In July 1956 Robert Aldrich signed a two-picture deal with Columbia to make films through his own company, The Associates and Aldrich, and Garment Center was to be the first.^[5]^[6] Aldrich says he mostly agreed to do the film so Columbia would finance the second movie he wanted to make, Until Proven Guilty.^[7]

Aldrich said Kleiner's script was "terribly tough, controversial".^[8] He said it was about how mostly Jewish manufacturers hired the mostly Italian mafia to help them with labor. Aldrich said "it was a marvellous conflict - racial, social, religious."^[9]

Eventually the film was made for Columbia directly, but Aldrich planned to follow it with Until Proven Guilty for his company and to be distributed through Columbia. He arrived in New York with Kleiner in July to start scouting locations.^[10]

The lead roles were given to Lee J. Cobb, who had been in On the Waterfront (1954), a similar organized-crime-in-labor story for Columbia, and Kerwin Mathews, who was under contract to the studio and had just starred in The 7th Voyage of Sinbad.^[11] Aldrich says he had to use Matthews along with other Columbia contract players such as Gia Scala, Robert Loggia, and Valerie French. "The presence of four newcomers can seriously overburden the director," said Aldrich. "But such were the terms of the agreement with Columbia."^[7]

Aldrich called the movie "the first pro-labor picture; in it I am trying to emphasize another particular aspect of our times - the tragedy of the small businessman, caught between the ever expanding large corporations and the pressures of organized labor. The small businessman has often, in order to stay alive, compromise with graft and blackmail....[the film] should be an unusually frank film."^[7]

Filming began on 12 October 1956 with location shooting in New York.^[12]^[13] Columbia rented and fitted out its own garment centre for filming.^[14]

Firing of Robert Aldrich

On 3 December it was reported that Aldrich had "come to an impasse after several weeks of filming" and would be replaced as director by Vincent Sherman, who had made a number of films for Columbia.^[15]

Aldrich says "it was shaping up as a pretty good picture" when Columbia "suddenly realized they had no intention of making that sort of document; they wanted to make 'boy meets girl in a dress factory'. I was pretty stubborn, and Harry Cohn, head of Columbia, was pretty stubborn, and they wanted to change the focus, the force, the direction of the picture. I wouldn't do it and Cohn fired me."^[8] He said Cohn "became frightened how tough it was."^[16]

Aldrich says he had become interested in the Lee J. Cobb character, the man "squeezed out by both big business and excessive labor demands and gangsterism... also fettered by being Jewish, of which he was proud but also subconsciously angry since it interfered with his complete freedom due to the survival of some brands of anti-Semitism."^[17]

Aldrich added that Lee J Cobb "was one of the sore points on that film. He had an old, long-standing relationship with Harry Cohn; Cobb and I did not get along. He's a very strong-willed actor - a wonderful actor but... That could have been a wonderful picture. It just ran out of guts in the middle."^[18]

Aldrich said Cobb "didn't want to be a rough father. He didn't want to have people dislike him. And it was necessary for him to be a tough, miserable son of a bitch, not a good guy. So everyday someone or other would want me to soften the script."^[19]

According to Sherman, "Aldrich and the producer were not getting along" and "neither one of them were getting along with Harry Cohn". Cohn asked Sherman to do "one or two scenes and I couldn't turn him down." Sherman says Cohn then asked him to finish the picture. "I didn't know what the hell was going on," said Sherman. "I re-shot, I would say, about seventy percent of the picture in about ten days time." ^[20]

"That was a strange experience," said Aldrich. "I don't remember another occasion of a guy getting fired for wanting to shoot the picture he'd been assigned. Usually, if you're fired, it's for wanting to change the script."^[8]

Aldrich says he never saw the final film but was told "about half or two thirds of it is mine".^[8] He may have seen it later because he said Sherman made it "very quiet and very mild; it became a love story, also about a father who wanted give his business to his son, all that bullshit."^[9]

Aldrich went on to sue Columbia for not financing Storm in the Sun, a film he wanted to make. The case settled out of court.^[21]

Despite the firing Aldrich admired Cohn. "I think he ran a marvellous studio... I think he did it as well as anybody could do it... He wasn't in the money business; he was in the movie business."^[8] Aldrich says he had a chance to do other work for Cohn before the latter died but didn't do so and "always regretted it."^[8]

References

^ Alain Silver and James Ursini, Whatever Happened to Robert Aldrich?, Limelight, 1995 p 249
^ French box office results for Robert Aldrich films at Box Office Story
^ The Garment Jungle at IMDb.
^ GARMENT CENTER' PLANNED AS FILM: Gangster Efforts to Invade New York Industry to Be Dramatized by Columbia New York Times 17 Nov 1955: 44.
^ ALDRICH TO MAKE 2 COLUMBIA FILMS: Independent Producer Will Direct Story of Racketeers in Garment District Sagan Novel to Be Film Of Local Origin By OSCAR GODBOUT New York Times 11 July 1956: 19.
^ Drama: Duff Developing Quick Video-to-Feature Deal; 'Don Quixote' Proposed Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 19 July 1956: A13.
^ ^a ^b ^c Aldrich p 8
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Interview with Robert Aldrich Greenberg, Joel. Sight and Sound; London Vol. 38, Iss. 1, (Winter 1968): 8.
^ ^a ^b Aldrich p 131
^ NOTED ON THE LOCAL SCREEN SCENE: THE CIRCUS COMES TO AN ITALIAN TOWN IN A NEW IMPORT By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 15 July 1956: 69.
^ Swires, Steve (June 1987). "Kerwin Mathews: The Perilous Voyages of Sinbad Part One". Starlog. No. 119. pp. 28–64.
^ GRIFFITH ENLISTS FOR MOVIE HITCH: 'No Time for Sergeants' Star to Repeat Stage Role in Warner Brothers Film Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 13 Oct 1956: 14.
^ SCREENING THE LOCAL MOTION PICTURE SCENE: DINNER AT A SPANISH MONASTERY By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 21 Oct 1956: 131.
^ Heflin to Costar With Glenn Ford; Bill Joyce Given Buildup by MGM Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 6 Nov 1956: 25.
^ BASSLER TO FILM WESTERN FOR U.A.: Independent Production Will Star McCrea and Stevens-- Am-Par to Begin Work Steiger to Go Abroad Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 3 Dec 1956: 39.
^ Aldrich p 104
^ Aldrich p 14
^ Aldrich p 35
^ Aldrich p 64
^ Davis, Ronald L. (2005). Just making movies. University Press of Mississippi. p. 99. ISBN 9781578066902.
^ AUDREY HEPBURN WEIGHS FILM ROLE: Actress Is Uncommitted on Offer to Star in 'Diary of Anne Frank' for Fox Gene Kelly Takes Over Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 1 May 1957: 41.

Notes

Aldrich, Robert (2004). Robert Aldrich: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi.

External links

The Garment Jungle at IMDb
The Garment Jungle at AllMovie
The Garment Jungle at the TCM Movie Database
The Garment Jungle film trailer on YouTube

[robert-1] Alain Silver and James Ursini, Whatever Happened to Robert Aldrich?, Limelight, 1995 p 249

[aldrich-2] French box office results for Robert Aldrich films at Box Office Story

[3] The Garment Jungle at IMDb.

[4] GARMENT CENTER' PLANNED AS FILM: Gangster Efforts to Invade New York Industry to Be Dramatized by Columbia New York Times 17 Nov 1955: 44.

[5] ALDRICH TO MAKE 2 COLUMBIA FILMS: Independent Producer Will Direct Story of Racketeers in Garment District Sagan Novel to Be Film Of Local Origin By OSCAR GODBOUT New York Times 11 July 1956: 19.

[6] Drama: Duff Developing Quick Video-to-Feature Deal; 'Don Quixote' Proposed Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 19 July 1956: A13.

[Aldrich_p_8-7] Aldrich p 8

[sight-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Interview with Robert Aldrich Greenberg, Joel. Sight and Sound; London Vol. 38, Iss. 1, (Winter 1968): 8.

[Aldrich_p_131-9] Aldrich p 131

[10] NOTED ON THE LOCAL SCREEN SCENE: THE CIRCUS COMES TO AN ITALIAN TOWN IN A NEW IMPORT By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 15 July 1956: 69.

[11] Swires, Steve (June 1987). "Kerwin Mathews: The Perilous Voyages of Sinbad Part One". Starlog. No. 119. pp. 28–64.

[12] GRIFFITH ENLISTS FOR MOVIE HITCH: 'No Time for Sergeants' Star to Repeat Stage Role in Warner Brothers Film Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 13 Oct 1956: 14.

[13] SCREENING THE LOCAL MOTION PICTURE SCENE: DINNER AT A SPANISH MONASTERY By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 21 Oct 1956: 131.

[14] Heflin to Costar With Glenn Ford; Bill Joyce Given Buildup by MGM Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 6 Nov 1956: 25.

[15] BASSLER TO FILM WESTERN FOR U.A.: Independent Production Will Star McCrea and Stevens-- Am-Par to Begin Work Steiger to Go Abroad Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 3 Dec 1956: 39.

[16] Aldrich p 104

[17] Aldrich p 14

[18] Aldrich p 35

[19] Aldrich p 64

[20] Davis, Ronald L. (2005). Just making movies. University Press of Mississippi. p. 99. ISBN 9781578066902.

[21] AUDREY HEPBURN WEIGHS FILM ROLE: Actress Is Uncommitted on Offer to Star in 'Diary of Anne Frank' for Fox Gene Kelly Takes Over Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR New York Times 1 May 1957: 41.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

The Garment Jungle

Plot

Cast

Production

Development

Robert Aldrich

Firing of Robert Aldrich

See also

References

Notes

External links

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