Teratodontidae

Teratodontidae
Temporal range: 49.3–8.8 Ma Middle Eocene - Late Miocene
Comparison of various Early to Middle Miocene hyaenodonts, including the hyainailurids Hyainailouros sulzeri (top) and Megistotherium osteothlastes (center), and teratodontid Dissopsalis carnifex
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Family: †Teratodontidae
Savage, 1965
Subfamily: †Teratodontinae
Savage, 1965
Type genus
†Teratodon
Savage, 1965
Genera
[see text]

Teratodontinae ("monstrous teeth") is a subfamily of extinct hyaenodonts. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia.[1]

History and naming

The genus Teratodon was named in 1965.[2]

The name of the subfamily translates as "monstrous teeth" (from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras) 'monster', from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odon) 'tooth' and taxonomic suffix "-inae".

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

A list of included genera based on Borths & Seiffert (2017)[3] and Borths & Stevens (2017)[1] with the 2021 addition of Ekweeconfractus.[4]

  • Subfamily: †Teratodontinae (Savage, 1965)
    • Genus: †Anasinopa (Savage, 1965)
      • †Anasinopa haasi (Tchernov, 1987)
      • †Anasinopa leakeyi (Savage, 1965)
      • †Anasinopa libyca (Morales, Brewer & Pickford, 2010)[5]
    • Genus: †Brychotherium (Borths, 2016)
      • †Brychotherium atrox (Holroyd, 1994)
      • †Brychotherium ephalmos (Borths, 2016)
    • Genus: †Buhakia (Morlo, 2007)
      • †Buhakia hyaenoides (Morales, 2003) sensu Morlo, 2007
      • †Buhakia moghraensis Morlo, 2007
    • Genus: †Dissopsalis (Pilgrim, 1910)
      • †Dissopsalis carnifex (Pilgrim, 1910)
      • †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (Savage, 1965)
    • Genus: †Ekweeconfractus Flink, 2021
      • †Ekweeconfractus amorui Flink, 2021
    • Genus: †Furodon (Solé, 2013)
      • †Furodon crocheti (Solé, 2013)
    • Genus: †Glibzegdouia Crochet et al. 2001
      • †Glibzegdouia tabelbalaensis Crochet et al. 2001
    • Genus: †Masrasector (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
      • †Masrasector aegypticum (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
      • †Masrasector ligabuei (Crochet, 1990)
      • †Masrasector nananubis (Borths & Seiffert, 2017)
    • Genus: †Pakakali Borths and Stevens 2017
      • †Pakakali rukwaensis Borths and Stevens 2017
    • Genus: †Teratodon (Savage, 1965)
      • †Teratodon enigmae (Savage, 1965)
      • †Teratodon spekei (Savage, 1965)

Additionally, Metasinopa is sometimes included in the subfamily.[6]


Phylogeny of Teratodontinae from Borths & Stevens (2017):[1]

Teratodontinae

Furodon crocheti

Pakakali rukwaensis

Glibzegdouia tabelbalaensis

Brychotherium ephalmos

Teratodon spp.

Anasinopa leakeyi

Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

Masrasector nananubis

Masrasector aegypticum

Masrasector ligabuei

Phylogeny of Teratodontinae from the 2021 description of Ekweeconfractus:

Teratodontinae

Furodon

Pakakali

Ekweeconfractus

Glibzegdouia

Brychotherium

Teratodon

Anasinopa leakeyi

Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

Masrasector nananubis

Masrasector aegypticum

Masrasector ligabuei

References

  1. ^ a b c Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). "The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition". PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301. PMC 5636082. PMID 29020030.
  2. ^ Savage, R. J. G. (1965). "Fossil Mammals of Africa: 19 The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology. 10 (8): 241–316.
  3. ^ Borths, Matthew R.; Seiffert, Erik R. (2017). "Craniodental and humeral morphology of a new species of Masrasector (Teratodontinae, Hyaenodonta, Placentalia) from the late Eocene of Egypt and locomotor diversity in hyaenodonts". PLOS ONE. 12 (4): e0173527. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1273527B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173527. PMC 5396875. PMID 28422967.
  4. ^ Flink, T.; Cote, S.; et al. (March 2021). "The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. Bibcode:2021JVPal..41E7748F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748. S2CID 237518007.
  5. ^ Morales, J.; Brewer, P.; Pickford, M. (2010). "Carnivores (Creodonta and Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Gebel Zelten, Libya, with a note on a large amphicyonid from the middle Miocene of Ngorora, Kenya". Bulletin of the Tethys Geological Society, Cairo. 5: 43–54.
  6. ^ Friscia, Anthony R.; Macharwas, Mathew; Muteti, Samuel; Ndiritu, Francis; Tab Rasmussen, D. (2020). "A Transitional Mammalian Carnivore Community from the Paleogene–Neogene Boundary in Northern Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (5): e1833895. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E3895F. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1833895. S2CID 228844419.