This article is about the Canadian telecom satellite operator. For the Belgian satellite television operator, see TéléSAT. For other uses, see TeleSAT.
Telesat began in 1969 as Telesat Canada, a Canadian Crown corporation created by an Act of Parliament.[1] Telesat Canada launched Anik A1 in 1972 as the world's first domestic communications satellite in geostationary orbit operated by a commercial company;[2] this satellite was retired from use in 1981.[citation needed] Until February 1979, Telesat had a legal monopoly on Earth stations in Canada: any entity wishing to send or receive satellite signals had to sign a long-term lease with Telesat Canada for an Earth station.[citation needed] Contracts for such leases were still enforced after the monopoly was ended.[citation needed]
Telesat Canada was privatized and sold by the federal government to Bell Canada in 1998.[3]
On December 18, 2006, Loral Space & Communications announced that it, along with Canada's Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments), would acquire Telesat for US$2.8 billion.[4] On October 5, 2007, they received the final regulatory approval necessary to complete the acquisition of Telesat from BCE Inc. (the new holding company for Bell) for CAD$3.25 billion. The acquisition closed on October 31, 2007, with Loral owning 63% of Telesat.[5]
At the same time, Telesat merged with Loral Skynet (formerly AT&T Skynet), a subsidiary of Loral Space & Communications. Loral Skynet was a full-service global satellite operator headquartered in Bedminster, New Jersey. This resulted in the transfer of all of the assets of Loral Skynet to Telesat.
Telesat announced on December 30, 2009, that Nimiq 6 was built by Space Systems/Loral (SS/L). Bell Satellite TV, a Canadian satellite TV provider agreed to fully lease the satellite for its lifetime to serve their subscribers across Canada. Nimiq 6 has a payload of 32 high-powered Ku-band transponders. It uses the SS/L1300 platform and has a 15-year mission life. It was launched in 2012 by International Launch Services (ILS).[6]
MHI Launch Services (formerly H-IIA Launch Services) [8]) launched Telstar 12 VANTAGE for Telesat in November 2015 on a H2A204 variant of the H-IIA rocket,[9] and it commenced service in December 2015.[10]
Lightspeed LEO constellation
In 2016 Telesat announced it would launch a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellation of 120 satellites, in polar orbit and in inclined orbits, about 1,000 km (620 mi) in altitude. The satellites would use the Ka-band, across 6 orbital planes, having at least 12 satellites in each plane. The siting of the orbital planes is to comply with the Canadian government's Enhanced Satellite Constellation Project, as well as providing global coverage.[11][12] The constellation is officially named Telesat Lightspeed.[13]
In 2017, Telesat expanded the LEO constellation plan to about 300 satellites, coupled with 50 ground stations across the globe. There would be about 80 polar orbit satellites, with the remainder in inclined orbits, for global coverage, including polar regions. The internet satellite constellation is targeted to have a 30-50 ms latency. The satellites are expected to be around 800 kg (1,800 lb) and last 10 years on orbit. The constellation is expected to have a 16-24 Tb/s capacity with 8 Tbit/s (1 TB/s) available for customers.[14]
In 2018, the Phase 1 pathfinder test satellite for the LEO constellation was launched. Various customers and satellite transceiver equipment manufacturers started testing with the satellite.[15][16][17]
In 2020, Telesat filed plans for expanding the satellite count to its LEO constellation to over 1,600 satellites.[12][18] In November 2020, Telesat announced that it will become publicly traded on the American stock index NASDAQ in mid-2021.[19]
In September 2023, Telesat announced a new contract with SpaceX for 14 launches with up to 18 satellites on each launch for the Lightspeed constellation, starting in mid-2026.[21]
Services
The company is the fourth-largest fixed satellite services provider in the world.[22][23] It owns a fleet of satellites, with others under construction, and operates additional satellites for other entities.
Telesat's Anik F2 carries a Ka-bandspot beam payload for satellite Internet access for Wildblue users in the United States and Xplornet users in Canada.[24][25] The KA band system uses spot beams to manage bandwidth concerns, linking to multiple satellite ground stations connected to the Internet.
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