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TANS Perú Flight 222
	OB-1396, the aircraft involved in the accident
Accident
Date	9 January 2003
Summary	Controlled flight into terrain
Site	Chachapoyas, Peru ; 6°01′25″S 078°02′50″W / 6.02361°S 78.04722°W
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Fokker F28-1000 Fellowship
Operator	TANS Perú
IATA flight No.	TJ222
ICAO flight No.	ELV222
Call sign	Aereos Selva 222
Registration	OB-1396
Flight origin	Jorge Chávez International Airport
Stopover	FAP Captain José Abelardo Quiñones González International Airport
Destination	Chachapoyas Airport
Occupants	46
Passengers	41
Crew	5
Fatalities	46
Survivors	0

TANS Peru Flight 222 was a domestic passenger flight from Jorge Chávez International Airport to Chachapoyas Airport with a stopover at FAP Captain José Abelardo Quiñones González International Airport in Peru, which crashed on 9 January 2003. The flight was operated by a Fokker F28-1000 Fellowship short range airliner. The aircraft crashed into the side of a hill while on approach to Chachapoyas Airport. All 46 passengers and crew aboard were killed in the deadliest crash in the airline's history.

An investigation led by Peru's air accident investigation body, the Ministry of Transport and Communications determined the primary cause of the crash was multiple crew errors including poor crew communication and overconfidence.

Accident

Flight 222 departed Chiclayo at 08:17 local time and was cleared to flight level 190 on a heading of 075. At 08:32 the flight turned left to a heading of 060 and four minutes later began a descent to flight level 130. At 08:41 the speed brakes were deployed slowing the aircraft from 280 to 210 knots (520 to 390 km/h; 320 to 240 mph). Fifty seconds later the crew initiated a right turn to heading 135 to line up with runway 13 at Chachapoyas Airport. At 8:46 the Fokker crashed into the vertical face of a hill known as Cerro Collorque at an altitude of 3,450 metres (11,320 ft), just 35 metres (115 ft) below the summit. Rescue teams didn't find the wreckage until two days later. None of the occupants survived as the plane was pulverized by the crash.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a Dutch built Fokker F28-Mk1000 twin-engine short range jet airliner manufactured in 1975. Its serial number was 11100 and it was registered OB-1396. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had accumulated 3,127 hours of flight time. Until 1995, this F-28 was used as one of the presidential transports in VIP configuration for short-haul and internal flights.^[1]

Investigation

The Peruvian Ministry of Transport and Communications commenced an investigation, which began shortly after the crash. Both the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) were recovered. Examination of the CVR revealed the crew was over confident and failed to follow published procedures. The landing check list was not followed and communication between the crew was poor.^[4]^[5]

Chachapoyas Airport has a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) so the crew knew in what direction the airport was, however no distance measuring equipment (DME) was available so they could not be sure how far from the runway they were. In conditions of very poor visibility the flight began the descent too early leading to impact with a hill side approximately 10 miles north of the airport.^[6]

The official report states controlled flight into terrain due to "complacency" and "the lack of effective communication" between the crew as the most probable primary cause of the accident. A contributing factor could have been the death of the co-pilot's father four days before the accident flight, possibly distracting him. The investigators also found the crew's work environment to be unsatisfactory due to constant management changes and lack of wages and bonuses paid.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b "accident description Thursday 9 January 2003". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
^ "No survivors in Peruvian plane crash". cnn.com. Cable News Network LP, LLLP. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
^ "Peruvian plane with 42 goes missing". thedailystar.net. The Daily Star. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Fokker F-28 MK1000, OB-1396" (PDF). Peruvian Ministry of Transport and Communications. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
^ "Tans Peru Fokker F28 Found, No Survivors". aero-news.net. Pauli Systems, LC. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
^ "TANS PERU 222 AND 204: CHRONICLE OF TWO TRAGEDIES ANNOUNCED". grandesaccidentesaereos.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2 September 2019.