Syama Sastri

Syama Sastri
Born
Venkata Subrahmanya

(1762-04-26)26 April 1762
Thiruvarur,[1] Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
Died1827 (aged 64–65)
Other namesSyama Krishna
OccupationCarnatic music composer
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Syama Sastri (Telugu : శ్యామ శాస్త్రి; IAST: Śyāma Śāstri; 26 April 1762 – 1827) or Shyama Shastri was a musician and composer of Carnatic music. He was the oldest among the Trinity of Carnatic music, Tyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshitar being the other two.[2]

Early life and career

Syama Sastri, whose birth name was Venkata Subrahmanya, was born on 26 April 1762 in a Telugu Brahmin family.[3] He was also known as one of the trinity of carnatic music.[4][5] To later generations, he is better known by his adopted name Syama Sastri or by his musical mudra (signature) Syama Krishna.[6] He was born in Tiruvarur, in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu. He received his instruction in the vedas, astrology, and other traditional subjects early on and learned music from his maternal uncle. He was later trained in music by Adiappayya, a noted durbar musician of Thanjavur.[7]

Although Śyāma Śastri did not compose as many kritis as his two prolific contemporaries, his compositions are still well known due to the literary, melodic and rhythmic proficiency observed in them. It is said that he composed about three hundred pieces in all.[8]

He did not have many disciples to propagate his compositions, nor was the printing press widely accessible during his time. More importantly, the scholarly nature of his compositions made them more appealing to the learned than to the lay. Additionally, they feature a more formal form of Telugu which borrows heavily from Sanskrit. In contrast, Tyagaraja composes in generally more colloquial dialect of Telugu.[citation needed]

There are also a number of krithis in Tamil attributed to him. Most of his compositions propitiate the Goddess Kamakshi.[8][9][10]

He composed kritis, varṇa(s) and svarajati(s) with the ankita or mudra (signature) Śyāma Krishna. He was probably the first to compose in a new form of the svarajati musical genre, where the compositions could be rendered solely in a singing or instrumental manner. Prior to this, the svarajati was primarily a dance form, and was close in structure to the dance Varṇaṃ (padavarṇaṃ).[11]

His set of three famous svarajati(s) are intended to be sung in concert rather than danced, and are sometimes referred to as "Ratnatrayam" (Three jewels). They are Kāmākṣhī Anudinamu, Kāmākṣhī Padayugamē, and Rāvē himagiri kumāri, composed in the ragas Bhairavi, Yadukula kambhoji and Todi respectively. The former two are set to Miśra Cāpu Tāḷa, while the third is set to Ādi Tāḷa.[citation needed]

He is known for his ability to compose in the most complex of tāḷas.[12]

Legacy

Sastri had a number of disciples who excelled at the art. Alasur Krishna Iyer became a musician at the royal durbar in Mysore. Porambur Krishna Iyer popularised many of his guru's works. Another disciple, Talagambadi Panchanada Iyer also made his mark as a composer. Another disciple named Dasari gained fame as a noted nāgaswaram player.[7] His son, named Subbaraaya Shaastree, was also a notable composer.[13]

Compositions

Some of his better known compositions are listed below.

Svara Jati

Composition Raga Tāḷa Language Description
Kāmākṣhī anudinamu maruvakanē
కామాక్షీ అనుదినము మరువకనే		 Bhairavi Miśra Cāpu Telugu
Kāmākṣhī nī padayugame sthiramaninē
Yadukulakamboji Miśra Cāpu Telugu
Rāvē himagiri kumāri
రావే హిమగిరి కుమారీ		 Todi Ādi Telugu

Kriti

Composition Raga Tāḷa Language Description
Śaṅkari Śaṃkuru candra mukhī
Sanskrit: शङ्करि शंकुरु चन्द्र मुखी
Telugu Script: శఙ్కరి శంకురు చన్ద్ర ముఖీ 		Sāvēri Ādi – Tiśra Gati Sanskrit
pAlayAshu mAM paradEvatE Arabhi Triputa Sanskrit
kanaka śaila vihāriṇī
Sanskrit: कनक शैल विहारिणी
Telugu Script: కనక శైల విహారిణీ		 Punnāga Varāḷi Ādi Sanskrit
Birāna varālicci brōvave
బిరాన వరాలిచ్చి బ్రోవవె		 Kaḷyāṇi Ādi – Tiśra Gati Telugu
Dēvī brōva samayamide
దేవీ బ్రోవ సమయము		 Cintāmaṇi Adi Telugu
kAmAkSi lOka sAkSiNi madhyamAvati Triputa Sanskrit
Himādri sutē pāhimāṃ
హిమాద్రి సుతే పాహిమాం		 Kaḷyāṇi Ādi Sanskrit
Māyammā yani nē pilacite
మాయమ్మా యని నే పిలచితె		 Ahiri Ādi Telugu
Mari vērē gati evvarammā
మరి వేరే గతి ఎవరమ్మా		 Anandabhairavi Miśra Cāpu Telugu
Nannu brōvu lalitā
నన్ను బ్రోవు లలితా		 Lalita Miśra Cāpu Telugu
O jagadambā nannu
ఓ జగదమ్బా నన్ను		 Anandabhairavi Ādi Telugu
Pārvati ninu nē nera nammiti
పార్వతీ నిను నే నెర నమ్మితి		 kalkaḍa Tishra Adi Telugu
Sarōja daḷa nētri himagiri putrī
సరోజ దళ నేత్రి హిమగిరి పుత్రీ		 śaṃkarābharaṇaṃ Ādi Telugu
Tallī ninnu nera namminānu vinavē
తల్లీ నిన్ను నెర నమ్మినాను వినవే		 Kaḷyāṇi Miśra Cāpu Telugu
Pāhi Srī Girirājasutē Karuṇākalitē Anandabhairavī Rūpakaṃ Telugu-Sanskrit
Devī Mīna Nētrī Brōva Shankarabharanam Adi Telugu
Ennēramum un Nāmam
என்னேரமும் உன் நாமம்		 Pūrvikalyāni Misra caapu Tamil
Kamakshi Bangaru
కామాక్షి బంగారు		 Varali Misra caapu Telugu
Ennēramum un Pāda Kamalam
என்னேரமும் உன் பாத கமலம்		 Punnāgavarāḷi Miśra Cāpu Tamil
Sari Evaramma Bhairavi Khanda Jhampa Telugu
Parvathi Janani-Geetham Bhairavi Khanda Matya Telugu
Tarunam Idamma Gowlipantu Adi Tamil

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Thiruvaiyaru Thyagaraja Aradhana". Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  2. ^ P. Sambamoorthy (1962). Great Composers. Indian Music Publishing House. pp. 69–94.
  3. ^ "SYAMA SASTRI (1762 - 1827 ) - PART 1". Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  4. ^ Rajagopalan, N. (1994). A Garland: A Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 264.
  5. ^ Ramakrishna, Lalita (2003). Musical Heritage of India. Shubhi Publication. p. 176. ISBN 978-81-87226-61-1.
  6. ^ "SMA Article: Shyama Shastri - A Blessed Composer".
  7. ^ a b OEMI:SS.
  8. ^ a b Foltinek, Herbert (2005). Imagination All Compact. How did Charles Dickens Compose His Novels?. doi:10.1553/0x0007eaf1. ISBN 978-3-7001-3528-9.
  9. ^ Kausalya, Rama (28 September 2017). "On how Syama Sastri worhsipped the Goddess through his songs". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Ambal blesses Syama Sastri". The Hindu. 10 May 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  11. ^ V, Sriram (18 July 2019). "Songs in praise of Kanchi Varada". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  12. ^ Madan Gopal (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 231.
  13. ^ "Famous Carnatic Composers - SS". karnATik. Karnatik. 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

Sources

Read other articles:

Peñarrubia, Abra

Peta menunjukkan lokasi Peñarrubia. Peñarrubia adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Abra, Filipina. Pada tahun 2011, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 6.657 jiwa atau 1.372 rumah tangga.[1] Pembagian wilayah Peñarrubia terbagi menjadi 9 barangay, yaitu: Barangay Penduduk (2007) Dumayco 1,092 Lusuac 901 Namarabar 577 Patiao 576 Malamsit (Pau-Malamsit) 577 Poblacion 1,121 Riang (Tiang) 764 Santa Rosa 417 Tattawa 418 Referensi ^ Local Governance Performance Managem...

 

Hanji

Hanji. Hanji atau Kertas Korea (한지;韓紙) adalah kertas tradisional Korea yang telah digunakan sejak 1600 tahun yang lalu.[1][2] Orang Korea menggunakan hanji dalam berbagai perlengkapan sehari-hari dan keperluan rumah tangga mulai dari buku, dinding, jendela, lantai, sampai peti mati.[1] Dikatakan orang Korea memanfaatkan Hanji dari sejak lahir sampai mati.[1] Asal mula Kertas ditemukan oleh seorang kasim pada tahun 105 M (Dinasti Han) bernama Tsai Lun.&#...

 

Tôn Đức Thắng

Pada nama Vietnam ini, nama keluarga-nya adalah Tôn. Menurut kebiasaan Vietnam, tokoh ini dipanggil dengan nama pemberian-nya Thắng. Tôn Đức Thắng Presiden Vietnam ke-1Masa jabatan2 Juli 1976 – 30 Maret 1980 PendahuluDiri sendiri sebagai Presiden Vietnam UtaraNguyen Huu Tho (sebagai Kepala Negara Republik Vietnam Selatan)PenggantiTrường ChinhNguyễn Hữu Thọ (pelaksana jabatan)Presiden Republik Demokratik Vietnam ke-2Masa jabatan3 September 1969 – 2 Juli ...

Church of Our Lady Star of the Sea (Staten Island)

Building in New York City, United States of AmericaChurch of Our Lady Star of the SeaGeneral informationTown or cityNew York CityCountryUnited States of AmericaClientRoman Catholic Archdiocese of New York The Church of Our Lady Star of the Sea is a Catholic parish church in the Archdiocese of New York, located at 5371 Amboy Road, Staten Island, New York City. It was established in 1935 as a former mission of Our Lady Help of Christians. References vteRoman Catholic Archdiocese of New YorkvteO...

 

71

70 ← 71 → 72素因数分解 71 （素数）二進法 1000111三進法 2122四進法 1013五進法 241六進法 155七進法 131八進法 107十二進法 5B十六進法 47二十進法 3B二十四進法 2N三十六進法 1Zローマ数字 LXXI漢数字 七十一大字 七拾壱算木 71（七十一、ななじゅういち、しちじゅういち、ひちじゅういち、ななそじあまりひとつ）は自然数、また整数において、70の次で72の前の数である。 ...

 

Tarawih

Sunni Islamic prayers specific to Ramadan This is a sub-article of Sunnah salat and Ramadan. TarawihTarawih prayer at the Great Mosque of Kairouan, TunisiaOfficial nameصَلَاةُ التَّرَاوِيح (ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ; literally, 'prayer of the Tarāwīḥ')Also calledTaraweehObserved bySunnisTypeSunnah Muwakkadah prayer according to Sunni MuslimsSignificanceA Sunnah prayer that Sunni Muslims say was done by MuhammadBeginsAfter Isha prayerEnds20 rakahs take approximately 4...

Saulxures-sur-Moselotte

Peta Saulxures-sur-Moselotte. Saulxures-sur-Moselotte merupakan sebuah komune di departemen Vosges yang terletak pada sebelah timur laut Prancis. Lihat pula Komune di departemen Vosges Referensi INSEE lbsKomune di departemen Vosges Les Ableuvenettes Ahéville Aingeville Ainvelle Allarmont Ambacourt Ameuvelle Anglemont Anould Aouze Arches Archettes Aroffe Arrentès-de-Corcieux Attignéville Attigny Aulnois Aumontzey Autigny-la-Tour Autreville Autrey Auzainvilliers Avillers Avrainville Avranvil...

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

 

Charity Dingle

Fictional character from Emmerdale Soap opera character Charity DingleEmmerdale characterEmma Atkins as Charity Dingle (2015)Portrayed byEmma AtkinsMica Proctor (2018 flashback)Duration2000–2005, 2009–presentFirst appearanceEpisode 267430 March 2000 (2000-03-30)ClassificationPresent; regularIntroduced byKeith Richardson (2000)Steve Frost (2009)Spin-offappearancesEmmerdale: The Dingles, For Richer for Poorer (2010)In-universe informationOther names Charity Tat...

Aktor-Aktris Terbaik PWI 1974

Aktor-Aktris Terbaik PWI 1974 adalah sebuah ajang penghargaan insan perfilman Indonesia yang diselenggarakan oleh Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia Jaya Seksi Film untuk kinerja aktor dan aktris yang berperan dalam film yang edar pada tahun 1973 yang digelar pada tahun 1974. Daftar Pemenang Aktor Terbaik Sukarno M. Noor (kiri) menjadi pemenang utama dalam kategori ini atas perannya dalam film Jembatan Merah Sukarno M. Noor - Jembatan Merah[1]Runner Up: Rano Karno - Rio Anakku Mang Udel - R...

 

History of taxation in the United States

This article is part of a series onTaxation in the United States Federal taxation Alternative minimum tax Capital gains tax Corporate tax Estate tax Excise tax Gift tax Generation-skipping transfer tax Income tax Payroll tax Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Internal Revenue Code (IRC) IRS tax forms Revenue by state History Constitutional authority Taxpayer standing Court Protest Evasion Resistance State and local taxation State income tax Property tax Sales tax State and local tax deduction Us...

 

Nadia Bjorlin

American actress, singer, and model Nadia BjorlinBjorlin in 2008BornNadia Alexandra Björlin (1980-08-02) August 2, 1980 (age 43)Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.OccupationsActresssingermodelYears active1999–presentSpouse Grant Turnbull ​(m. 2015)​Children2WebsiteOfficial website Nadia Alexandra Bjorlin (born August 2, 1980) is an American actress, singer, and model. Early life Bjorlin was born on August 2, 1980, in Newport, Rhode Island. She is the second e...

Edgar Bergen

American ventriloquist, comedian and actor (1903–1978) Edgar BergenBergen with his ventriloquist dummies Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd in 1949BornEdgar John Berggren(1903-02-16)February 16, 1903Chicago, Illinois, U.S.DiedSeptember 30, 1978(1978-09-30) (aged 75)Paradise, Nevada, U.S.Resting placeInglewood Park CemeteryOccupationsVentriloquistcomedianactorvaudevillianradio performerYears active1919–1978Spouse Frances Westerman ​(m. 1945)​Children...

 

Marco Kartodikromo

Indonesian journalist and writer Marco KartodikromoKartodikromo in the early 1920sBorn1890Blora, Central Java, Dutch East IndiesDiedMarch 18, 1932 (aged 41–42)Boven-Digoel, Papua, Dutch East IndiesOther namesMas Marco (pen name)Occupation(s)Journalist, writerYears active1911–1926 Marco Kartodikromo (1890 – 18 March 1932), also known by his pen name Mas Marco, was an Indonesian journalist and writer. Born to a low-ranking priyayi (noble) family in Blora, Dutch Eas...

 

Arrowhead

Sharpened tip of an arrow For other uses, see Arrowhead (disambiguation). Broadhead redirects here. For other uses, see Broadhead (disambiguation). Chert arrowhead, Late Neolithic (Rhodézien) (3300–2400 BC), current France An arrowhead or point is the usually sharpened and hardened tip of an arrow, which contributes a majority of the projectile mass and is responsible for impacting and penetrating a target, as well as to fulfill some special purposes such as signaling. The earliest arrowhe...

Kustánszeg

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Hungarian. (April 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Hungarian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wi...

 

Polygene

Member of a group of interacting genes For inheritance via polygenes, see Polygenic inheritance. For diseases involving polygenes, see Polygenic disease. This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, th...

 

Yogi Bear

American animated television and film character This article is about the character. For the 2010 film of this name, see Yogi Bear (film). For the original show and all other works featuring the character, see Yogi Bear (disambiguation). Jellystone redirects here. For the animated HBO Max series of the same name, see Jellystone! Not to be confused with Yogi Berra. Fictional character Yogi BearThe Yogi Bear Show characterFirst appearanceYogi Bear's Big Break (The Huckleberry Hound Show, 1958)C...

Unitaid

Global health initiative A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) UnitaidFounded2006FoundersFrance, Brazil, Chile, Norway and the United KingdomFocusHIV/AIDS, Malaria, TuberculosisLocationGeneva, SwitzerlandArea served WorldwideMethodGrantsKey peopl...

 

Machu Picchu

Machu PicchuMachu Picchu pada tahun 2009Lokasi di PeruLokasi  Peru └ Region Cusco Koordinat13°09′48″S 72°32′44″W / 13.16333°S 72.54556°W / -13.16333; -72.54556Tinggi2.430 meter (7.970 ft)SejarahDidirikanc. 1450Ditinggalkan1572[1]BudayaPeradaban InkaCatatan situsArkeologHiram Bingham Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCONama resmi: Suaka Bersejarah Machu PicchuJenisMixedKriteriai, iii, vii, ixDitetapkan1983 (7th session)No. Referensi274State Pa...