The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery was preceded by the 1926 Slavery Convention. In 1932 the Committee of Experts on Slavery was established to investigate the efficiency of the 1926 Slavery Convention,[2] which in turn resulted in the establishment of the permanent Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery (ACE).[3]
The global investigation of the occurrence of slavery and slave trade performed by the ACE between 1934 and 1939 was interrupted by the outbreak of the World War II, but it was the foundation for the work against slavery performed by the UN after the war.[4]
The UN Committee on Slavery presented its raport of global slavery to the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1951; it was published in 1953, and a Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery was written in 1954, and introduced in 1956.[6]
The shipping of slaves occurs in only one particular area of the world, in the seas around Arabia. The warships most likely to search such slavers would be British, and I feel sure that there would not be any abuse of the right to search. I am sorry that we gave up the fight for that right. As far as I know, Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only States in the world where chattel slavery is still a legal institution. Only a year or so ago a French Deputy—the person, I assume, to whom my hon. Friend referred—investigated the situation and found that every year ignorant Africans are lured on by agents to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. They are not told, of course, that they need a Saudi Arabian visa. When they arrive in Saudi Arabia without a visa they are arrested and put into prison for a few days and then handed over to licensed slave dealers. In addition, raids are made in Baluchistan and the Sheikdoms of the Persian Gulf and people are captured and carried off by land and sea, taken to small Saudi Arabian ports and sold in slave markets.
Summary of key articles
Article 1: The parties commit to abolish and abandon debt bondage, serfdom, servile marriage and child servitude.
Article 2: The parties commit to enacting minimum ages of marriage, encouraging registration of marriages, and encouraging the public declaration of consent to marriage.
Article 3: Criminalisation of slave trafficking.
Article 4: Runaway slaves who take refuge on flag vessels of parties shall thereby ipso facto attain their freedom.
Article 5: Criminalisation of the marking (including mutilation and branding) of slaves and servile persons.
Article 6: Criminalisation of enslavement and giving others into slavery.
Article 7: Definitions of "slave", "a person of servile status" and "slave trade"
Article 9: No reservations may be made to this convention.
Article 12: This Convention shall apply to all non-self-governing-trust, colonial and other non-metropolitan territories to the international relations of which any State Party is responsible.