Sunar

Sunar/Sonar
ReligionsHinduism, Sikhism, Islam[1]
RegionIndia

The Sunar (alternately, Swarnkar ,Soni, Sonar, Singh, Shah, Sonkar) is a caste in India and Nepal.The Sunar community work as traders of gold or as goldsmiths.[2] The community is primarily Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim and found all over India and Nepal.

Etymology

The term Sonar may derive from the Sanskrit suvarna kār, "worker in gold".[3]

The Sonar are still involved in their traditional occupation, that is being goldsmiths. There is however a steady process in taking up other occupations, and the community in Haryana and Punjab as whole is fairly successful, having produced several professionals.[4]

Social status

The Sunars are generally considered a part of Vaishya varna.[5]

Factions

The Sunars are divided into a large number of territorial and non-territorial groupings called alla. Some of the major alla are the Jhankhad, Santanpuriya, Lal sultaniya, Dekhalantiya, Mundaha, Bhigahiya, Parajiya, Samuhiya, Chilliya, Katiliya Kalidarwa, Naubastwal, Berehele, Gedehiya, Shahpuriya, Mathureke Paliya, Katkaria and Nimkheriya, Vaibhaha. Each lineage is associated with a particular area. To which its ancestors belonged to. The Sunars use Soni, Swarnkar, Verma, Wadichar, Saraf, Shah, Sonik, Singh etc. as their surnames. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, the community is also known as Soni.[6] In Haryana, the Sunars are often known as Swarnkar, Soni, Suri and Verma, are their common surname.[7] In Sindh they are called Sonaro, In Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, Mair community work as goldsmiths.

Sunar in Nepal

Sunar (Sunar in the Nepal census) Sunar surname is used by khas dalit of sudurpachim, and karnali in Nepal . And also use by subgroup within the broader social group of Madheshi Other Caste.[8] At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, 64,335 people (0.2% of the population of Nepal) were Sunar.

Notable members

See also

References

  1. ^ KS Singh (1998). India's communities Volume 6. OUP. p. 3336}. In most of the states the Sunar are Hindu. But in Punjab and Delhi, they follow either Sikhism or Hinduism. In Jammu and Kashmir, the Sunar are referred to as Sanur and are mostly Muslims.
  2. ^ People of Tiben: Lhasa (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500 to 150
  3. ^ R.V. Russell (October 1995). The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. Vol. IV. Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration, Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London. 1916. p. 517. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  4. ^ People of India: Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 475 to 479 Manohar Books
  5. ^
    • Omacanda Hāṇḍā (1997). Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya. Indus Publishing Company. p. 142. ISBN 8173870764. The Swarnkars, in that age of material splendour, enjoyed a higher social status in the stratified social set-up. Later on, when the professional guilds came to be identified as the sub-castes , the goldsmith community was inducted to the Vaishya caste
  6. ^ People of India: Uttar Pradesh (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500
  7. ^ People of India: Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia page 475 Manohar Books
  8. ^ Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [1]
  9. ^ "Why Congress chose Raj Babbar to lead party in UP elections". 14 July 2016.

Further reading

Read other articles:

Haeinsa

Haeinsa Janggyeong Panjeon, perpustakaan Tripitaka KoreanaSitus Warisan Dunia UNESCOKriteriaKultural: iv, viNomor identifikasi737Pengukuhan1995 (Ke-19) Korean nameHangul해인사 Hanja海印寺 Alih AksaraHaeinsaMcCune–ReischauerHaeinsa Haeinsa atau Kuil Haein adalah kuil Buddha utama dari sekte Jogye di Korea Selatan dan menyimpan Tripitaka Koreana, cetakan Tripitaka kayu yang berjumlah 81.258 pres kayu sejak tahun 1398.[1] Sebagai salah satu Tiga Kuil Mustika, Haeinsa melamba...

 

 

Daftar kardinal yang diangkat oleh Selestinus II

Paus Selestinus II Paus Selestinus II (1143–1144) mengangkat sembilan kardinal dalam satu konsistori:[1] Konsistori 17 Desember 1143 Manfredo[2] Raniero[3] Ariberto[4] Rodolfo[5] Gregorio de Jacinto[6] Astaldo degli Astalli[7] Giovanni Caccianemici,[8] Giovanni Paparoni[9] Hugo Novariensis[10] Referensi ^ Zenker, p. 224-225; cf. Brixius, p. 49-50. ^ Brixius, p. 50 no. 8; Zenker, p. . ^ Brixius, p. 50 no. 9; Zenk...

 

 

Тотемный столб

Тотемный столб (слева) и столб квакиутл (справа) в парке Тандербёрд-парке[en] в Виктории, Канада Тотемный столб (хайда gyáaʼaang)[1] — монументальная резьба, тип искусства Северо-Западного побережья, состоящие из шестов, столбов или колонн, на которых вырезаны символы или...

Rain (Beatles song)

1966 song by the Beatles RainUS picture sleeve (reverse)Single by the BeatlesA-sidePaperback WriterReleased30 May 1966 (1966-05-30)Recorded14 & 16 April 1966StudioEMI, LondonGenrePsychedelic rock[1][2]Length2:59Label Parlophone (UK) Capitol (US) Songwriter(s)Lennon–McCartneyProducer(s)George MartinThe Beatles UK singles chronology Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out(1965) Paperback Writer / Rain (1966) Eleanor Rigby / Yellow Submarine(1966) The Beatles US...

 

 

Harun Al-Rasjid Zain

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Harun Al-Rasyid Sutan Bandaro. Artikel ini bukan mengenai Soetan Haroen Al-Rasjid. Prof. Dr. (H.C.) Drs. H. SutanHarun Al-Rasjid ZainDatuak SinaroFoto sebagai Anggota MPR, 1982 Anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan RakyatMasa jabatan1 Oktober 1972 – 1 Oktober 1992Grup parlemenUtusan Daerah (1972–1982)Golongan Karya (1982–1992)Anggota Dewan Pertimbangan AgungMasa jabatan1983–1988Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia ke-15Masa jabatan...

 

 

Bala Keselamatan

Bagian dari seriBala Keselamatan Latar belakang Kekristenan · Protestantisme Pietisme · Anglikanisme Arminianisme · Methodisme Gerakan kekudusan · Injili Organisasi Jenderal Kepala Staf Majelis Tinggi Perwira · Tentara · Korps Tokoh William Booth Catherine Booth Bramwell Booth Florence Eleanor Soper Evangeline Booth Ballington Booth Catherine Bramwell-Booth Elijah Cadman Frederick Booth-Tucker Arthur Booth-Clibborn George Scott Rail...

Centro elaborazione dati

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento informatica non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Interno di un centro di elaborazione dati con armadi e relativi rack. Un centro elaborazione dati (CED) o in inglese data center è una funzione all'interno di un'organizzazione (impresa, ente pubblico, associ...

 

 

ويليام بارسونز

ويليام بارسونز (بالإنجليزية: William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 يونيو 1800(1800-06-17)يورك الوفاة 31 أكتوبر 1867 (عن عمر ناهز 67 عاماً)قلعة بير الجنسية بريطاني عضو في أكاديمية سانت بطرسبرغ للعلوم  [لغات أخرى]‏،  والجمعية الملكية،  والأكاديمية الروسية للع�...

 

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Prok-bruk Sulawesi

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Prok-bruk Sulawesi Rhinolophus celebensis Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN19530 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasMammaliaOrdoChiropteraFamiliRhinolophidaeGenusRhinolophusSpesiesRhinolophus celebensis K.Andersen, 1905 DistribusiPersebaran k...

 

 

Danau Saroma

Danau Saroma Danau Saroma adalah sebuah danau yang terletak di Subprefektur Okhotsk, Prefektur Hokkaido, Jepang. Lokasi geografis Lokasi danau Saroma di Subprefektur Okhotsk, Prefektur Hokkaido, Jepang. Danau Saroma merupakan danau yang terluas di Prefektur Hokkaido.[1] Letak Danau Saroma berada pada titik koordinat 44°05′07″ dan 44°11′58″ Lintang Utara dan 143°40′06″ dan 143°58′14″ Bujur Timur. Keliling Danau Saroma sepanjang 91 km.[2] Luas Danau Saroma pa...

 

 

KOSJ

Radio station in Santa Barbara, CaliforniaKOSJSanta Barbara, CaliforniaBroadcast areaSanta Barbara, CaliforniaFrequency1490 kHzBrandingOld School 94.1 & 1490 AMProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishFormatRhythmic oldiesOwnershipOwnerRincon Broadcasting(Rincon Broadcasting License Subsidiary, LLC)Sister stationsKIST-FM, KOCP, KQAV, KQIE, KSBL, KSPE, KTMS, KTYD, KWIE, KXFM, KZLAHistoryFirst air dateApril 1926Former call signsKFCR (1926–1929)KDB (1929–1990)KSPE (1990–1997)KBKO (1997–2008)KIST...

لوار أتلانتيك الكلاسيكي 2021

لوار أتلانتيك الكلاسيكي 2021 تفاصيل السباقسلسلة21. لوار أتلانتيك الكلاسيكيمنافسةطواف أوروبا للدراجات 2021 1.1‏التاريخ2 أكتوبر 2021المسافات182٫8 كمالبلد فرنسانقطة البدايةLa Haie-Fouassière [الإنجليزية]‏نقطة النهايةLa Haie-Fouassière [الإنجليزية]‏المنصةالفائز ألان ريو [الإنجليز...

 

 

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (Richland Center, 8 giugno 1867 – Phoenix, 9 aprile 1959) è stato un architetto statunitense, tra i più importanti del XX secolo. Tra le figure più influenti nella storia dell'architettura contemporanea viene ricordato, assieme a Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius e Alvar Aalto, come maestro del Movimento Moderno. Romanticamente legato all'ideologia individualistica del pionierismo statunitense, si volse all'approfondimento del ra...

 

 

Benzylamine

Benzylamine Names Preferred IUPAC name Phenylmethanamine Other names α-AminotolueneBenzyl aminePhenylmethylamine Identifiers CAS Number 100-46-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 741984 ChEBI CHEBI:40538 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL522 Y ChemSpider 7223 Y DrugBank DB02464 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.002.595 EC Number 202-854-1 Gmelin Reference 49783 KEGG C15562 Y PubChem CID 7504 RTECS number DP1488500 UNII A1O31ROR09 Y UN number 2735 CompTox Dashboard (...

Helen Delich Bentley

Helen Delich Bentley Helen Delich Bentley (28 November 1923 – 6 Agustus 2016) adalah seorang politikus Amerika Serikat yang menjadi anggota Partai Republik dalam Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat dari Maryland dari 1985 sampai 1995. Sebelum masuk politik, ia menjadi wartawati maritim utama dan jurnalis.[1] Referensi ^ Dresser, Michael (August 6, 2016). Helen Delich Bentley, congresswoman who was a staunch advocate of the port of Baltimore, dies. The Baltimore Sun...

 

 

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Chemical compound THC redirects here. For other uses, see THC (disambiguation). For the phytocannabinoid homologue of THC, that is much more potent than THC itself, see Tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP). TetrahydrocannabinolINN: dronabinolClinical dataTrade namesMarinol, SyndrosOther names(6aR,10aR)-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; (−)-trans-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; THCLicense data US FDA: Dronabinol DependenceliabilityPhysical: Low Psychological: Low–moderateAddictionliabilityRelati...

 

 

Acoustic tag

Device that enables detection and tracking of animals Acoustic tags are small sound-emitting devices that allow the detection and/or remote tracking of organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Acoustic tags are commonly used to monitor the behavior of fish. Studies can be conducted in lakes, rivers, tributaries, estuaries or at sea. Acoustic tag technology allows researchers to obtain locational data of tagged fish: depending on tag and receiver array configurations, researchers can receive simple pr...

Rodano (Italia)

Rodanocomune Rodano – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Città metropolitana Milano AmministrazioneSindacoRodolfo Corazzo (Lista civica: “RODANO PER TE”) dal 10-06-2024 TerritorioCoordinate45°29′N 9°21′E45°29′N, 9°21′E (Rodano) Altitudine120 m s.l.m. Superficie13,07 km² Abitanti4 644[1] (31-12-2021) Densità355,32 ab./km² FrazioniBriavacca, Cassignanica, Lucino, Pobbiano, Brianzate, Trenzanesio, Retan...

 

 

Linhagem C.37

Linhagem C.37 Variante da SARS-CoV-2 vírus responsável pela COVID-19 e sua pandemia Nome científico Linhagem C.37 Apelido Variante Lambda Primeira detecção em  Peru Variante de Preocupação (VOC)? Não Variante de Interesse (VOI)? Sim Resistencia á vacinação Não afeta A linhagem C.37, também chamada de variante Lambda, é uma variante do SARS-CoV-2 do vírus que causa a COVID-19.[1] Foi detectado pela primeira vez no Peru em dezembro de 2020. Em 14 de junho de 2021, a Organiz...