Structure of feeling

Structure of feeling is a term coined by literary theorist Raymond Williams.[1]

In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway expresses several different feelings towards the Roaring Twenties, simultaneously romanticizing, admiring, envying, pitying, and resenting the rich of New York. The novel investigates this structure of feeling.

Structure of feeling conveys a process through which conflicting emotions appear to compete to define a certain time and place for groups or individuals. The term seeks to describe a complex experience, since structures of feeling capture something formative and difficult to articulate in ordinary language.[1][2] For Williams, a structure of feeling is “a kind of feeling and thinking which is indeed social and material, but each in an embryonic phase before it can become fully articulate and defined exchange”.[1]

Structures of feeling are emergent. They eventually give way to a more generalized or defined form of feeling in general discourse, but structures of feeling are not these general emotions. Instead, they are the competing feelings or ideologies that were at play prior to the generalized one became well defined. As Williams himself stated:

Early Victorian ideology, for example, specified the exposure caused by poverty or by debt or by illegitimacy as social failure or deviation; the contemporary structure of feeling, meanwhile, in the new semantic figures of Dickens, of Emily Brontë, and others, specified exposure and isolation as a general condition, and poverty, debt, or illegitimacy as its connecting instances. An alternative ideology, relating such exposure to the nature of the social order, was only later generally formed: offering explanations but now at a reduced tension: the social explanation fully admitted, the intensity of experienced fear and shame now dispersed and generalized.[1]

Williams defined the term differently throughout his career.[3] Across these various definitions, structure of feeling can be considered at both a societal level (as in ‘spirit of the age’) or concerning the experiences of individual people.[3] Largely, the term was used by Williams and others in analyses of literature and film, though it has since been used more widely used in disciplines such as history and sociology.[3][4][5][6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Sharma, Devika; Tygstrup, Frederik, eds. (2015-03-05), "Structures of Feeling: Affectivity and the Study of Culture", Structures of Feeling, De Gruyter, doi:10.1515/9783110365481, ISBN 978-3-11-036548-1, retrieved 2024-10-08
  2. ^ Matthews, Sean (2001). "Change and Theory in Raymond Williams's Structure of Feeling". Pretexts: Literary and Cultural Studies. 10 (2): 179–194. doi:10.1080/10155490120106032. ISSN 1015-549X.
  3. ^ a b c Vanke, Alexandrina (2024). "Co-existing structures of feeling: Senses and imaginaries of industrial neighbourhoods". The Sociological Review. 72 (2): 276–300. doi:10.1177/00380261221149540. ISSN 0038-0261.
  4. ^ Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta. "History, Ordinary Culture, and "Structure of Feeling": Revisiting Raymond Williams" (PDF). Il Pensiero Storico: 100–116.
  5. ^ Middleton, Stuart (2020). "Raymond Williams's "structure of feeling" and the problem of democratic values in Britain, 1938–1961". Modern Intellectual History. 17 (4): 1133–1161. doi:10.1017/S1479244318000537. ISSN 1479-2443.
  6. ^ Basseler, Michael (2017), Coleman, Philip; Gronert Ellerhoff, Steve (eds.), "Narrative Empathy in George Saunders's Short Fiction", George Saunders, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 153–171, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49932-1_9, ISBN 978-3-319-49931-4, retrieved 2024-10-08
  7. ^ Simpson, David (1992). "Raymond Williams: Feeling for Structures, Voicing "History"". Social Text (30): 9–26. doi:10.2307/466464. ISSN 0164-2472. JSTOR 466464.

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