"Stop Breaking Down" or "Stop Breakin' Down Blues" is a Delta blues song recorded by Robert Johnson in 1937. An "upbeat boogie with a strong chorus line",[1] the lyrics are partly based on Johnson's experience with certain women:[2]
You know the Saturday night women,
now they love to ape and clown
They won't do nothin'
but tear yo' reputation down
Stop breakin' down
Please stop breakin' down[3]
The song shares elements with earlier blues songs and became popular largely through later interpretations by other artists, such as Sonny Boy Williamson I in 1945 and the Rolling Stones in 1972.
Recording and composition
Robert Johnson recorded "Stop Breakin' Down Blues" during his last recording session in 1937 in Dallas, Texas. The song is a solo piece with Johnson providing guitar accompaniment to his vocals. Several songs have been identified as "melodic precedents": "Caught Me Wrong Again" (Memphis Minnie, 1936), "Stop Hanging Around" (Buddy Moss, 1935), and "You Got to Move" (Memphis Minnie and Joe McCoy, 1934).[4]
Of his Dallas recordings, it is Johnson's most uptempo song, with "his exhuberant vocal driv[ing] home the story line".[1] Two takes of the song were recorded, both sounding very similar, although Johnson flubbed the opening verse of the second take. Although the song is played in a fretted guitar style, on both takes Johnson added a brief slide coda that comes across "like a little inside joke".[5]
In 1945, Sonny Boy Williamson I adapted the tune as an early Chicago blues with Big Maceo (piano), Tampa Red (guitar), and Charles Sanders (drums).[9] Titled "Stop Breaking Down", the song featured somewhat different lyrics, including the refrain "I don't believe you really really love me, I think you just like the way my music sounds" in place of Johnson's "The stuff I got it gon' bust your brains out, hoo hoo, it'll make you lose your mind". Williamson's song inspired the versions sung "by most postwar Chicago blues artists".[10]
In 1954, Baby Boy Warren recorded it as a Chicago-style blues shuffle, but used most of Johnson's lyrics.[11]Forest City Joe recorded the song in 1959, which was released on a compilation album The Blues Roll On.[12] In the late 1960s, Junior Wells with Buddy Guy recorded "Stop Breaking Down" for the Coming at You Baby (1968) and Southside Blues Jam (1969) albums. Their versions are medleys which incorporate lyrics from "Five Long Years" and Sonny Boy Williamson's "Stop Breaking Down". The White Stripes recorded the song for their 1999 self-titled debut album.[13] Critic Chris Handyside identified their choice as inspired and added that Jack White's vocal delivery manages to convey Johnson's sense of desperation.[13]
After the release of Exile on Main St., Allen Klein sued the Rolling Stones for breach of settlement because Jagger and Richards had created their version of "Stop Breaking Down" and composed four other songs on the album while they were under contract with his company, ABKCO. ABKCO acquired publishing rights to the songs, giving it a share of the royalties from Exile on Main St., and was able to publish another album of previously released Rolling Stones songs, More Hot Rocks (Big Hits & Fazed Cookies).[15]
Lawsuit over copyright
"Stop Breakin' Down Blues" (along with "Love in Vain") was the subject of a lawsuit regarding the copyright for the song. In 2000, the court held that the songs were not in the public domain and that legal title belonged to the Estate of Robert Johnson and its successors.[7]
Goodman, Fred (2015). Allen Klein: The Man Who Bailed Out the Beatles, Made the Stones, and Transformed Rock & Roll. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN978-0-547-89686-1.
Kubernik, Harvey (May 8, 2010). "Engineer Andy Johns discusses the making of the Rolling Stones' "Exile on Main Street'". Goldmine.
