According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 190.1 square miles (492 km2). Land accounts for 181.8 square miles (471 km2) and water for 8.3 square miles (21 km2). Stambaugh Township lies along the Michigan-Wisconsin border.
Stambaugh Township has many lakes within its borders. Chicagon Lake, Hagerman Lake, Lake Ottawa, and Brule Lake are in the south and east. Smoky Lake, Golden Lake, and Tamarack Lake are in the west
Climate
Climate data for Stambaugh 2SSE, Michigan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present)
Stambaugh was a city adjacent to the township that merged into the city of Iron River effective July 1, 2000. The area of the former city of Stambaugh was incorporated from land within the township.
Caspian is a city within the township, but is administratively autonomous.
Gaastra is a city within the township, but is administratively autonomous.
^"Station: Stambaugh 2SSE, MI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 2, 2021.