In the first modern archery competition at the Olympics, Spain entered one man and one woman. Their highest placing competitor was Maria Teresa Romero, at 13th place in the women's competition.
Spain lost all three of its first-round games, to West Germany, Romania, and Norway. The fourth-place finish put Spain into the thirteenth- to sixteenth-place consolation round, where they lost their game against the United States to set up a fifteenth and sixteenth place match against Tunisia. Spain won this game, 23–20.
Preliminary Round (Group C):
Spain — West Germany 10-13
Spain — Romania 12-15
Spain — Norway 17-19
Classification Round:
13th-16th place: Spain — United States 20-22
15th-16th place: Spain — Tunisia 23-20 → 15th place
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