Southeastern Katë dialect

Southeastern Katë
Native toAfghanistan
RegionNuristan, Kunar
Native speakers
20,000 (2011)[1]
Arabic script
Language codes
ISO 639-3bsh
Glottologkati1270

Southeastern Katë is a dialect of the Katë language spoken by the Kom and Kata in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It also includes the so-called Kamviri and Mumviri (spoken in Mangul, Sasku and Gabalgrom in the Bashgal Valley) dialects.

Innovations

According to Halfmann (2024), the primary innovations of the Southeastern dialect include secondary vowel length from monophthongization of vowel + v, a progressive suffix -n-, intervocalic consonant lenition (usually sibilants and velars), post-nasal voicing, and merger of Proto-Nuristani pre-tonic *a and *ā as a.

Phonology

The inventory as described by Richard Strand.[2] In addition, there is stress.

The neutral articulatory posture, as in the reduced vowel /a/, consists of the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and a raised tongue root is linked with a raised larynx, producing a characteristic pitch for unstressed vowels of about an octave above the pitch of a relaxed larynx.

Consonants

Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Retroflex Post-
Alveolar 		Velar
Plosive voiceless p t ʈ k
voiced b d ɖ ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʂ t͡ʃ
voiced d͡z d͡ʐ d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʂ ʃ (x)
voiced v z ʐ ʒ ɣ
Nasal m n ɳ ŋ
Tap ɾ (ɽ)
Approximant lateral l
central ɻ j
  • Sounds [f, x, q, ɢ, ħ, ʕ, h, ʔ] are found in loanwords.
  • Between vowels, /s, ʂ, ʃ/ voice to [z, ʐ, ʒ].
  • /v/ can also be heard as bilabial [β] or a labial approximant [w].
  • For most speakers, and especially in Kombřom, /ʈ/ becomes a retroflex flap [ɽ].
  • /k/ becomes a velar tap [ɡ̆].

One suffix /ti/ voices to [di] for most speakers.

[ʈɭ, ɖɭ] are phonetic affricates.

Nasals voice a following obstruent.

Laminal consonants change a following /a/ from [ɨ] to [i].

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i y (ɨ ⟨a⟩) u
Mid e ə ⟨a⟩ o
Low a ⟨â⟩ (ɔ)

⟨a⟩ is [ː] after another vowel, [i] after a laminal consonant and after /ik, ek, iɡ, eɡ/. For some speakers, it is [u] after /uk, yk, uɡ, yɡ/. Otherwise it is [ə] or [ɨ].

Vocabulary

Pronouns

Person Direct Genitive Oblique
1st sg. õ, õċ yĩ yī̃
pl. yimó yimṓ
2nd sg. tü tu tū
pl. šo šō

Numbers

  1. e, ev, ē
  2. dü
  3. tre
  4. što
  5. puč
  6. ṣu
  7. sut
  8. vuṣṭ
  9. nu
  10. duċ
  11. yaníċ
  12. diċ
  13. triċ
  14. štreċ
  15. pačíċ
  16. ṣeċ
  17. satíċ
  18. aṣṭíċ
  19. neċ
  20. viċí

Further reading

  • Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Universität zu Köln.

References

  1. ^ Southeastern Katë at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ The Sound System of kâmvʹiri

Bibliography

Southeastern Katë dialect test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

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