Doumbia was part of the Paris Saint-Germain youth academy from 2009 to 2016.[4] In the summer of 2016, he was transferred to Serie B club Bari, where he made his professional debut on 22 October versus Trapani.[5] On 31 January 2017, Doumbia joined fellow Serie B side Vicenza on loan.[6][7]
Rennes
In January 2019 he signed a three-year contract with Rennes.[8]
Angers
In January 2020, Doumbia joined Angers on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season. In July 2020, Angers exercised their option to sign him permanently for a reported transfer fee of about €3 million. Doumbia signed a three-year contract.[9][10]
Standard Liège
On 24 January 2024, Doumbia joined Belgian Pro League club Standard Liège on a contract until the end of the season with the option for a further year.[11]