Sonda (rocket)

Sonda ("Probe" in English) is a family of Brazilian-built sounding rockets which serves as an R&D path to the VLS (Portuguese: Veículo Lançador de Satélites) orbital rocket. Launches started in 1965 and continue to this day. Launch sites include Wallops Island, Andoya, Kiruna, Natal, Alcântara, Cassino and SvalRak.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Sonda I

The Sonda I is a two stage rocket (S10-1 & S-10-2 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 65 km, a liftoff thrust of 27 kN a total mass of 100 kg, a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 4.5 metres. It was launched 9 times between 1965 and 1966.^[4]

Diagram with Sonda I rocket dimensions
Sonda I on display
Sonda 1 (right) at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro

Sonda II

The Sonda II is a single stage rocket (S-20 rocket stage) with a maximum flight altitude of 180 km, a liftoff thrust of 36 kN, a total mass of 400 kg, a core diameter of 0.30 m and a total length of 5.60 m. It was launched 7 times between 1990 and 1996.^[5]

Diagram with Sonda II rocket dimensions
Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda II on display
Sonda II on display
Sonda II at Parque Santos Dumont

Sonda III

Sonda III is a two stage rocket available in three versions, the Sonda III (S30 & S-20 rocket stages), the Sonda III M1 (S30 & S-23 rocket stages) and the Sonda IIIA (S30 & S33 rocket stages).^[6] The first two versions rockets have a maximum flight altitude of 600 km, a liftoff thrust of 102 kN, a diameter of 0.30 m and a length of 8 m. However Sonda III weighs 1500 kg while Sonda III M1 weighs 1400 kg at launch. It was launched 27 times between 1976 and 2002.^[7]

Diagram with Sonda III rocket dimensions
Sonda III rocket variations
Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda III at Barreira do Inferno
Sonda III on display
Sonda III at Parque Santos Dumont

Sonda IV

Sonda IV is a two stage rocket (S30 & S-43 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 800 km, a liftoff thrust of 203.00 kN, a total mass of 7200 kg, a diameter of 1.01 m and a length of 11 m. It was launched 7 times between 1984 and 1990.^[8]

Diagram with Sonda IV rocket dimensions
Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
Sonda IV on display
Sonda IV on display
Sonda IV at Parque Santos Dumont
Sonda IV on pad

References

^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
^ Lucca, Eduardo Viegas Dalle (February 2014). The Brazilian Sounding Rocket VSB-30: meeting the Brazilian Space Program and COPUOS objectives (PDF). DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
^ Corliss, William R. (1971). "Sounding Rocket Resurgence, 1965-1968". NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 A Historical Summary (NASA SP-4401). NASA. pp. 61–74. LCCN 70-169175.
^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
^ "SONDA III". Agência Espacial Brasileira (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
^ Wade (2016-03-03). "Sonda 4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2024-04-16.

External links

Brazilian space program

Science and technology in Brazil

Satellites

Programs	SCD CBERS SGDC Amazônia
In development	ASTER Flora Hiperspectral SABIA-Mar SARA LATTES GEOMET GSST

Sounding
rockets

Active	Sonda VS-30 VSB-30 VS-40 Fogtrein
Canceled	VS-15

Launch
vehicles

In development	VLM VS-50
Canceled	VLS-1 ("Cruzeiro do Sul" launcher family) Tsyklon-4 (collaboration with Ukraine)

Launch sites

Organisation

Missions

International programs

Artemis Space Program (collaboration with the United States and 10 other countries)

v t e Non-military suborbital rocket engines and motors that have flown
Liquid fuel engines	Aerobee BE-3 Gamma 201 Ofen-B WAC Corporal XLR10 XLR99
Hybrid propellant engines	RocketMotorOne RocketMotorTwo
Solid propellant motors	1.5KS35000 Algol Altair Alcor Asp Black Brant Castor Cuckoo Genius Goldfinch Gosling Heron Improved Orion Malemute Orion Raven Oriole Rohini S-20 S-30 S-31 S40TM S44M S-310 S-520 Talos Terrier X-254
Related articles	Sounding rocket Sub-orbital spaceflight Sub-orbital tourism

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