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Solomon Luria
Solomon Luria
	Portrait attributed to Solomon Luria
Personal life
Born	1510; Brześć, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Died	November 7, 1573 (aged 63); Lublin, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Occupation	Talmudist, Halachist, Biblical Commentator
Religious life
Religion	Judaism

Shlomo Luria (1510 – November 7, 1573) (Hebrew: שלמה לוריא) was one of the great Ashkenazic poskim (decisors of Jewish law) and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha, Yam Shel Shlomo, and his Talmudic commentary Chochmat Shlomo. Luria is also referred to as "Maharshal" מהרש"ל‎ (Hebrew abbreviation: Our Teacher, Rabbi Solomon Luria), or "Rashal" רש"ל‎ (Hebrew abbreviation: Rabbi Solomon Luria).

Biography

Luria was born in the city of Poznań (Posen), in the Kingdom of Poland. His father, Yechiel Luria, was the rabbi of the Lithuanian city of Slutzk and the son of the eminent Talmudist Miriam Luria. The Luria family claims descent from Rashi.^[1] Luria studied in Lublin under Rabbi Shalom Shachna, and later in the Ostroh yeshiva under Kalonymus Haberkasten; he later married Lipka, daughter of Rabbi Kalonymus. Students in the yeshiva included Joshua Falk. The Maharshal served as Rabbi in Brisk and various Lithuanian communities for 15 years.

Around 1550, he had several correspondences with Rabbi Moses Isserles (Rema). Rabbi Isserles represented the moderated use of philosophy in Jewish studies while Luria was more critical of this approach.^[2] He believed that Isserles contradicted the Geonim in his arguments. Despite debating Isserles' method, Luria was friendly in his replies.^[3]

When Haberkasten assumed the position of rosh yeshiva in Brisk, Luria replaced him as the official rabbi of the city and region of Ostroh. Luria later succeeded Shalom Shachna as head of the Lublin Yeshiva, which attracted students from all over Europe. Due to various internal problems in the yeshiva, he opened his own yeshiva. The building, known as the "Maharshal's shul", remained intact until World War II.

Works

Yam Shel Shlomo, Luria's major work of Halakha, was written on sixteen tractates of the Talmud; however, it is extant on only seven. In it, Maharshal analyzes key sugyot (passages) and decides between various authorities as to the practical halacha. Maharshal, famously, objected to Isserles's method of presenting halakhic rulings without discussing their derivation. He wrote Yam Shel Shlomo to "probe the depths of the halacha" and to clarify the process by which those halachot are reached.

Chochmat Shlomo is a gloss, and comments, on the text of the Talmud. One aim of this work being to establish the correct text. To achieve this Maharshal scrutinized the published editions of the Talmud as well as the commentaries of Rashi, Tosafot, and other Rishonim. His comments were later published by his son; an abridged version of Chochmat Shlomo appears in nearly all editions of the Talmud today, at the end of each tractate. The original, separately printed version, is far more extensive, and has now been re-published in the Metivta/Oz ve-Hadar edition of the Talmud. The Chida writes that "I've heard from elders, that the Maharshal is extremely deep; and most hasagot (criticisms/objections) from the Maharsha on the Maharshal, aren't hasagot if the reader will delve deep into the subject".

Maharshal also wrote:

Yeri'ot Shlomo, a super-commentary on Rashi's commentary on the Torah (in fact a commentary on Elijah Mizrachi's supercommentary on Rashi) - HebrewBooks.org;
Amudei Shlomo, a commentary on Sefer Mitzvot Gadol ("SeMag") of Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy;
A collection of Responsa; see History of Responsa: Sixteenth century.

References

^ For Solomon's descent and relatives see Lourié, Anton (1923). Die Familie Lourié (in German). Vienna: Stern & Steiner. OCLC 2135179.
^ "Seeing with Both Eyes: Ephraim Luntshitz and the Polish-Jewish Renaissance"; Leonard Levin; pg. 24
^ "Seeing with Both Eyes: Ephraim Luntshitz and the Polish-Jewish Renaissance"; Leonard Levin; pgs. 25-26