Société des douze

Louis de Potter, Belgian revolutionary, was a founding member of the first society.
Auguste Baron, intellectual, was a founding member of the first society.
Joseph-Denis Odevaere, painter, was a founding member of the first society.
Adolphe Quételet, astronomer and mathematician, was a founding member of the first society.
Sylvain Van de Weyer, who would become the 8th prime minister of Belgium, was a founding member of the first society.

The Société des douze (French; lit.'Society of the Twelve') was a scholarly and literary dining club in Brussels.

The first society

Its precursor, the Société de littérature de Bruxelles (lit.'Literature Society of Brussels') founded on 10 January 1800, was deprecated by the government of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and disappeared in 1823. Goswin de Stassart, Victor-Joseph de Jouy, Adolphe Quetelet, Frédéric de Reiffenberg, Eugène Van Bemmel, and the poet Philippe Lesbroussart [fr] were members of this society.

Some of its members continued to meet in the salon of Lesbroussart and founded in the same year (1823) the Société des douze.[1]

Founding members

The founding members were:[2][3]

Activities

Since its inception, important personalities were members of the society. The secrecy surrounding it[11] attracted suspicion from the Press and William I's government.[12]

Dissolution

This first Société des douze, founded during the reign of William I, ended around 1830, as the Belgian Revolution seemed imminent.[13]

It was, however, revived in 1834 after Belgian independence.

Augustus van Dievoet, lawyer and legal historian, founding member of the second society.

The new society

Jean-Baptiste Van Mons, chemist, founding member of the second society.

This second Société des douze was founded in 1834, in the same spirit of the first one, by the new generation who would bring it back to life. While the first society was primarily composed of scholars and intellectuals that were active in the opposition to the government of William I, the members of this new society were almost exclusively from the world of the magistrate and Supreme Court of Brussels.

The founding members

Notes and references

  1. ^ Nicolas de Potter and René Dalemans, Louis de Potter. Révolutionnaire belge de 1830, postface by Francis Balace, Brussels: Couleur livres, 2011, p. 28 (ISBN 9782870035801). This book credits the founding of the Société des Douze to Louis de Potter: "Louis lance également l'idée de réunir tous les quinze jours (le second et le quatrième jeudi du mois) des hommes de lettree et des artistes – majoritairement opposés au régime – qui formeront la "Société des Douze", fondée en 1823".
  2. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, Notice sur Philippe Lesbroussart, membre de l'Académie, 1855, p. 14, note 2: "Baron, De Doncker, L. De Potter, Drapiez, L. Gruyez, L. Jottrand, Lesbroussart, Odevaere, Quetelet, Ed. Smits, Tielemans, S. Van de Weyer".
  3. ^ Louis Verniers, Un millénaire d'histoire de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1965, p. 568: "La seule énumération de ses membres fera apparaître quelques-unes des personnalités qui, peu de temps après, allaient prendre la tête de l'opposition des Belges au régime du roi Guillaume : de Potter, Drapier, Gruyer, Jottrand, Lesbroussart, Quetelet, Tielemans, Van de Weyer".
  4. ^ Biographie universelle, rédigée par une société de gens de lettres et de savants, Paris, published by L.G. Michaud, 1837, volume 62, p. 537, sub verbo "Doncker, Philippe-François-Joseph"
  5. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, Notice sur Philippe Lesbroussart, membre de l'Académie, 1855, p. 14, note 2 : "L. De Potter".
  6. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, op. cit., 1855, p. 14, note 2 :
  7. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, op. cit., 1855, p. 14, note 2 : "L. Gruyez"
  8. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, "Notice sur Philippe Lesbroussart", in Annuaire de l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 1855, pp. 198-239.
  9. ^ Quételet, op. cit: "Ed. Smits". Statistician and playwright (Léonard Willems, "Smits (Mathieu-Édouard connu sous le nom d'Edouard)", Biographie nationale, vol. 22, 1914–1920, col. 868-876).
  10. ^ Quetelet, op. cit.: "S. Van de Weyer".
  11. ^ Adolphe Quetelet, Notice sur Philippe Lesbroussart, membre de l'Académie, 1855, p. 14, "Au milieu des naissances et des funérailles de tant de sociétés, il s’était formé une association plus modeste, mais qui eut plus de retentissement, peut-être par ce motif même qu’elle cherchait à s’entourer d’une certaine obscurité, c’était la Société des douze, qui tirait son nom du nombre de ses membres. Ceux-ci se réunissaient hebdomairement tantôt chez l’un, tantôt chez l’autre, d’après l’ordre alphabétique des noms".
  12. ^ Alphonse Le Roy, Liber memoralis: L'Université de Liége depuis sa fondation, 1869, p. 410, "Une sourde opposition se formait: la Société des douze fondée en apparence dans un but littéraire et point de mire des attaques de la presse gouvernementale, à cause de l’obscurité même dont elle s’entourait."
  13. ^ Eugène van Bemmel, "Louis De Potter", Revue trimestrielle, volume 27, Brussels, July 1860, p. 36: "Ce cercle était bien connu alors, sous le nom de Société des douze. De Potter en était un des membres les plus assidus, et il y exerçait beaucoup d'influence. Ce cercle se dispersa, lorsque l'alliance des libéraux et des catholiques contre le gouvernement du roi Guillaume se fut un peu consolidée, et que l'on commença à prévoir la lutte."

Further reading

    • Georges Libry-Bagnano, Les crimes d'un honnête homme, Imprimerie H. P. De Swart, La Haye, 1832, p. 180
    • Adolphe Quetelet, Notice sur Philippe Lesbroussart, membre de l'Académie, 1855, p. 14
    • Lucien Jottrand, Louis de Potter, Librairie polytechnique d'Auguste Decq, Bruxelles 1860.
    • Eugène Van Bemmel, « Louis De Potter », in : Revue trimestrielle, volume 27, Bruxelles, juillet 1860, p. 36
    • Alphonse Le Roy, Liber memoralis : L'Université de Liège depuis sa fondation, 1869, p. 410
    • Édouard Mailly, Essai sur la vie et les ouvrages de Lambert-Adolphe-Jacques Quetelet, Annuaire de l'Académie royale de Belgique, 1875, p. 290, note 15
    • Annales gastronomiques, bachiques et littéraires, « éditées pour le cinquantenaire de la Société des douze et imprimées par les soins du secrétaire [des XII] », 1884
    • Édouard Mailly, La Société de Littérature de Bruxelles : 1800–1823, Bruxelles, Mémoires couronnés et autres mémoires de l'Académie royale de langue et de littérature française de Belgique, XLI, 1888
    • Fritz Masoin, Histoire de la littérature française en Belgique, de 1815 à 1830, Bruxelles, 1902, p. 42 (liste de membres de la "Société des douze")
    • Louis Verniers, Bruxelles esquisse historique, Bruxelles : Maison d'Édition A. De Boeck, 1941.
    • Jules Garsou, Jules Anspach. Bourgmestre et transformateur de Bruxelles (1829–1879), Bruxelles, 1942, p. 99-100
    • Gustave Charlier, Le mouvement romantique en Belgique (1815–1830), tome I, La bataille romantique, Mémoires de l'Académie royale de langue et de littérature française de Belgique, tome XVII, Bruxelles, 1948, p. 18-24
    • Roland Mortier, Les sociétés littéraires, dans: Histoire illustrée des lettres françaises de Belgique, Bruxelles, La Renaissance du livre, 1948, p. 235-236
    • Louis Verniers, Un millénaire d'histoire de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1965, p. 568
    • Liliane Wellens-De Donder, « Lettre de A. Quetelet à Lecocq, secrétaire perpétuel de la Société de littérature de Bruxelles. Gand, le 27 février 1819 », dans: Adolphe Quetelet 1796–1974, exposition documentaire présentée à la Bibliothèque royale Albert Ier à l'occasion du centenaire de la mort d'Adolphe Quetelet, Bruxelles, Palais des Académies, 1974, p. 95
    • Paul Delsemme, Les écrivains francs-maçons de Belgique, Bruxelles : Bibliothèques de l'ULB, 2004.
    • Marie-Rose Thielemans, Goswin, baron de Stassart, 1780–1854, Politique et Franc-maçonnerie, Académie royale de Belgique, Classe des Lettres, Bruxelles, 2008, page 261.
    • Nicolas de Potter et René Dalemans, Louis de Potter. Révolutionnaire belge de 1830, postface de Francis Balace, Bruxelles : Couleur livres, 2011, p. 28  (ISBN 978-2-87003-580-1).

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