"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" is the series premiere of the American period drama television series Mad Men. It first aired on July 19, 2007 in the United States on AMC and was written by creator Matthew Weiner and directed by Alan Taylor. "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was budgeted at US$3 million. Production for the episode took place in New York City and Los Angeles.
Weiner conceived of the script in 2000 while working as a writer for the television sitcom Becker. Before writing the pilot episode, he studied American literature and cinema of the 1950s and 1960s to get a perspective on American culture during that period. Weiner sent the script to The Sopranos creator David Chase, who recruited Weiner to work with him on The Sopranos. Weiner shelved the project for seven years to focus on Chase's program; interest for Mad Men did not surface until the conclusion of The Sopranos' final season.
According to the Nielsen Media Research, the episode attained a rating of 1.4 (1.2 million households) upon initial airing.
Plot
In 1960, in a bar lounge in Manhattan, Don Draper (Jon Hamm), creative director for the Madison Avenueadvertising agency Sterling Cooper, is facing professional adversity, how to advertisecigarettes in light of the growing public awareness to the dangers of smoking and new government regulations prohibiting the use of false health claims. He seeks input from customers and his girlfriend Midge Daniels (Rosemarie DeWitt) but is unable to find a solution, while rejecting the academic research results provided by the company's consulting psychologist that suggests some customers are drawn to smoking not only despite the health risks but because of them, in a collective "death wish" scenario.
Concurrently, it is Peggy Olson's (Elisabeth Moss), first day at Sterling Cooper as Don's secretary, where she experiences the sexual harassment common during the period. A wide-eyed Brooklyn girl, Peggy is a little overwhelmed but excited to be working in Manhattan. Subversive office manager Joan Holloway (Christina Hendricks) advises Peggy on how to appeal to men for success in her professional career until she finds the ultimate success: marriage. Junior account executive Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser) makes juvenile, boorish comments about Peggy's appearance and clothing, for which Don rebukes him. On her break, Peggy attends a doctor's appointment arranged by Joan, during which she undergoes a vaginal examination and is given a prescription for the recently introduced oral contraceptive, Enovid, which at the time was only to be prescribed to married women with their husband's consent.
Don and Roger Sterling (John Slattery) meet with Rachel Menken (Maggie Siff) for a consultation on her father's department store. To make Rachel more positively inclined towards the agency, Roger enlists the only Jew in the company, a young man from the mailroom, to attend the meeting disguised as a member of the art department. Don mistakes the man for the owner due to his assumption that it will always be a man. Rachel, looking to attract refined and wealthy customers, is disappointed by the agency's suggestions of coupons to attract housewives as well as their questioning of why she did not select a Jewish agency, to which she replies that she was under the impression that Sterling Cooper was innovative, and that when she consulted with the Jewish agencies their research favored coupons too. Don, having never been spoken to by a woman like that, reacts negatively and leaves.
A later meeting with executives from the tobacco company Lucky Strike also goes downhill, as reliably creative Don has yet to find a pitch. Pete inserts himself with the "death wish" idea put forth by the company's research, which he found snooping through Don's garbage. The executives reject this and prepare to leave displeased, but Don tells them to wait. He conceives a new tagline from the process of making cigarettes and thin air—"It's toasted!"—associating Lucky Strike's product with sunshine and making it sound benign, exemplifying Don's belief that advertising is based on one thing, Happiness. The Lucky Strike executives are pleased. After the meeting, Don expresses his anger with Pete. Remembering Joan's advice, Peggy attempts to thank Don in flirtatious way, for standing up for her with Pete earlier, and tears up from shame when he rejects it. He tells her that he understands she only did it because she thought she had to.
Begrudgingly, Don meets Rachel for drinks to make amends for their meeting. During their drinks, Don rebukes her naïve take on love and attempts to play the part of the Byronic bachelor, but Rachel recognizes in Don the element of an outsider and says that she too knows what it feels like to be disconnected and out of place. The two of them begin to bond, and she agrees to give Sterling Cooper another shot. Pete and some of his co-workers go to a gentlemen's club to celebrate Pete's impending wedding. There, a woman rejects Pete's advances and, feeling dejected from this and Don's recent criticisms, Pete arrives drunk at Peggy's apartment; she lets him in. Don takes a train to a large house in the suburbs, where he is greeted by his wife, blonde beauty Betty Draper (January Jones), who has not been mentioned before in the episode. He checks on their two sleeping children as she watches from the doorframe.
Production
Conception
Creator Matthew Weiner conceived the script for "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" in 2000, while he was working as a writer for the sitcom Becker. The first draft of the episode was written as a spec script and was titled "The Division".[1][2][3] Two years later, Weiner sent the script to David Chase, the creator of The Sopranos, although Weiner's agents insisted that he not proceed with his plans.[4] Chase later recruited him upon first glance.[2][5] "It was what you're always hoping to see," he recalled. "It was lively and it had something new to say. Here was someone who had written a story about advertising in the 1960s, and was looking at recent American history through that prism."[5] Weiner set the pilot script aside for the next seven years to focus on The Sopranos. Neither HBO nor Showtime expressed interest in the project until the commencement of The Sopranos' final season.[2][3] During that time, AMC began looking into the television market for new programming.[5] "The network was looking for distinction in launching its first original series," according to AMC Networks president Ed Carroll, "and we took a bet that quality would win out over formulaic mass appeal."[2]
Prior to writing the pilot episode, Weiner studied American culture during the 1950s and 1960s, analyzing literary works such as The Feminine Mystique (1963) and Sex and the Single Girl (1962) while viewing such films as The Apartment (1960) and A Guide for the Married Man (1967).[5] He continued his endeavors when the series' concept began to materialize, as he received a copy of Richard Yates' novel Revolutionary Road (1962) from the executives of AMC.[6] Weiner discussed the look of Mad Men with production designer Bob Shaw and cinematographer Phil Abraham, who Weiner had previously collaborated with in The Sopranos. Abraham wanted to establish a more genuine approach to portraying society in the 1960s, rather than "simply referencing the period as seen in movies of that time. We wanted to be more genuine than that. Movies were an influence."[7] In evoking historical accuracy of elements such as architecture and graphic design, Abraham sought inspiration from the buildings designed by the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.[7] He said, "We noticed that in all the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designs of contemporary buildings, the ceiling—the overhead grid of lights—was a strong graphic element in all the office spaces. In one design we loved, the whole ceiling was like a lightbox. It was a time of high modernism, and we embraced the notion of presenting the world in that way. These were new work spaces—sleek, not stuffy."[7]
Casting
Hamm (pictured) was chosen to portray Don Draper, out of 80 other candidates.
Jon Hamm was cast as Don Draper, the central character of the series. Hamm, who was relatively unknown at the time, competed with 80 other actors in the auditioning process.[8] Weiner proclaimed that Hamm accurately portrayed the character, saying that he was "the only person who really had this great mix of empathy and masculinity and intelligence. Both Don and Jon have an inner life. So long as you have that kind of depth in a human being, people will root for him [...] Jon walked out of the room and I said, 'That guy has lived.'"[8] Hamm admitted that he felt that he had a considerable disadvantage compared to his peers and initially believed Thomas Jane would acquire the role. "I started, literally, on the very, very bottom," he iterated. "I couldn't have had less heat on me. Nobody knew who I was. The casting directors didn't know who I was. I wasn't on anybody's lists. The funny thing was, I think they went to Thomas Jane for it, and they were told that Thomas Jane does not do television."[9] Hamm went through seven auditions; his last one took place at the Hotel Gansevoort in the Meatpacking District of New York City.[1] "When we were riding down on the elevator, the woman in charge of whatever the decision-making process was told me, 'You got the job.'"[1]
John Slattery, who was later cast as Roger Sterling, originally auditioned to portray Don Draper. Slattery felt Don was the show's biggest draw and was disappointed upon hearing of his character's sparse screen time.[10] He recalled, "I really did prepare the thing and went in and I worked hard on it and then read for Don and they actually gave me adjustments and I went and I did it again. And then they sort of said, 'Well, look, here's the deal. We have a guy. The reason we asked you to come in and read for Draper is because we didn't think that you'd come in a read for Roger because there wasn't that much Roger in the script.'"[10] During production of "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes," Slattery admitted he was unsure of whether to continue working on Mad Men. "I was on the fence a little bit, even while shooting it. And I think Matt finally was like, 'Look man, we're not jerking you around here. We're serious about this and I've really thought this out. I promise you this will be a great character and it will be a big part of the show.'"[10]
Producers of Mad Men approached January Jones to portray Betty Draper, Don's wife and the mother of their two children. Jones avouched that portraying the character would give the audience an opportunity to see a dark side of her nature.[11] She initially auditioned for the role of Peggy Olson, which was later given to fellow cast member Elisabeth Moss. "It got down between Elisabeth Moss and myself, and it was obviously more suited to her, but Matthew had said, you know, there's this other role, of the wife."[12] Jones signed a seven-year contract with the show, although her character originally had two lines in "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes." Weiner eventually edited the script to accommodate her desires.[12] "It's such a testament to his ability," Jones stated. "He just took something out of thin air, which makes me think now that he had to have had an idea that the wife was going to be part of the show, because I kind of took the job with the promise that Betty would be a part of the show. When you sign a seven-year contract, you want to make sure you're in the show."[12]Christina Hendricks was brought in to play Joan Holloway, the office manager and head of Sterling Cooper's secretarial pool. While Hendricks had previously made recurring appearances on ER before being on Mad Men, her acting career had been largely inactive, and Hendricks' agent urged her not to participate in the project.[13] "They said to me, 'AMC [...] doesn't have any other big shows—why would you do this instead of taking something that's a better bet?' I said, 'Look, I've gone with the one that's the better bet in the past—let's go with the really good script this time.'"[13]
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" features guest appearances from several actors and actresses, including Rosemarie DeWitt (as Midge) and Maggie Siff (as Rachel Menken). DeWitt was given a recurring role in the season as Don's mistress, which lasted for six episodes.[14] She initially felt out of place while playing out her character. DeWitt stated, "They were at the end of casting, and hadn't found the right Midge yet. Originally they had a scene where she opens the door wearing a red kimono, and I remember thinking 'I'm not that', so I wasn't sure I was right for the part. Maybe the fact that I wasn't this 'vamp' is what made Matt Weiner give me a shot."[14] Prior to working on Mad Men, Siff mainly worked in theatre and performing arts.[15]
Filming
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was budgeted at US$3 million, slightly more than the US$2–2.5 million budgeted in typical Mad Men episodes.[2][3] The pilot episode was mostly shot at various locations in and around New York City including the Silvercup Studios, where principal photography lasted for two days. Several scenes were also shot at a historic 130 West 57th Street art studio owned by artist Adam Van Doren that was previously occupied by Childe Hassam and Charles Baskerville.[16] Most of the production crew were previously part of The Sopranos.[7] After filming concluded in New York, production moved to the Los Angeles Center Studios. Abraham collaborated with an entirely different production crew from the one in New York.[7] According to Abraham, Los Angeles contained a continuity that was related to the show. "Once we moved to L.A., there was a continuity of style that came from Alan and me, and that was important to Matt [Weiner]."[7]
In creating a practical effect, a grid consisting of fluorescent lights was installed onto the set that housed Sterling Cooper's main office. The show's art department bought several 2-by-2 four-tube fixtures, which was determined to be accurate relative to the time period. The shipments arrived on the first day of filming the pilot.[7] However, examination by the set-lighting crew revealed the lightbulbs used were internally modernized, having been designed to hold T-8 bulbs measuring two feet each. "Getting more than 800 2-foot color-corrected T-8 tubes became a major issue, and none of the regular suppliers had enough in stock," recalled Mike Ambrose, the gaffer for the production team in Los Angeles. "Movietone stopped production of whatever bulbs it was making, retooled the plant and started manufacturing the T-8s we needed. The last shipment arrived the morning of our first day of shooting."[7]
Abraham created a light-control system in an attempt to keep the overhead from being unflattering. However, after unsuccessfully attempting to implement the necessary wiring to control each light, the production team established controlling rows of light.[7] Pat O'Mara, the key grip during production, installed several 2x1 and 2x2 blackout panels and frames that were retrofitted with small albeit strong magnets.[7] During a scene when an actor or actresses stood under a fluorescent light, a panel or a frame was placed over the fixture, subsequently diffusing light onto their faces.[7] "If somebody was walking through the office in a wide shot, I just turned the overhead lights on. But if Don was talking to someone at his desk and the office was the backdrop, I turned all the lights on and then selectively removed some; then, I brought the key around with Kino Flo Image 80s through 4-by-8 frames of 250 or 216, or sourced my key with a larger Fresnel through the window."[7]
The set containing Sterling Cooper's corporate offices contained skypans fitted with 5K bulbs onto the centers, which measured 8 inches apart. Ambrose collaborated with the production team to institute twenty-five inch trusses on chain motors and to devise dollys with Arri Alexa cameras that were eventually installed on aluminum I-beams.[7] Ambrose proclaimed that the flexibility of the trolleys and chain motors enabled production to move more efficiently in concentrating on the design of the window. He added: "We also had four 20Ks and a few more T-12s on stands that could be rolled around the office floor. For tungsten close-ups, we often used Barger-Baglite six- and three-light units with Chimeras, soft cloth, diaper baffles and 60- and 90-degree honeycomb grids for control."[7] In comparison, Ambrose used traditional lighting when creating the housing for the character, as he favored the color spectrum of a household lightbulb. For example, Don's home required four to five rooms to be lit simultaneously.[7] "We used a lot of batten strips with 100-watt household bulbs," noted Ambrose. "The bulbs are so close they're almost touching, so they create a single source that doesn't cast multiple shadows. Over time, we built housings for them with channels into which you can slide diffusion frames or egg crates. We call them 'Whiteys' because the guy who knocked these shells out of tin back in New York was named Whitey; I used them extensively on The Sopranos and felt they suited the homes in Mad Men as well."[7]
Reception
Controversy
In the days leading to the "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" premiere, the watchdog group Commercial Alert filed a complaint against producers to the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States.[17] Commentators from the group criticized distillery brand Jack Daniel's for its decision to sponsor Mad Men, citing that it violates industry codes that prohibit alcohol marketing, as well as "depictions of irresponsible drinking, overt sexual activity or sexually lewd images".[17] Robert Weissman, the director for Commercial Alert, stated that based on AMC's website, "it appears that the sponsorship arrangement will violate numerous provisions of the industry's self-regulatory marketing code."[17] He continued: "There is no reason why a company should be able to escape normal enforcement and implementation of the Code simply because it chooses to violate the code in such brazen manner that curing the violation would cause non-trivial complications for a major television series."[17] In association with the complaint, Weissman urged in his letter that the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States become more proactive in regulating the distilleries' initiatives in the entertainment industry. "Our complaint in this instance is not with the portrayal of heavy alcohol consumption, or even with the glorification of such heavy consumption; it is specific to industry sponsorship of and entwinement with such portrayals. Quite different issues are raised where artists choose to depict such activities in the absence of industry sponsorship."[17]
Ratings and critical response
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was originally broadcast on July 19, 2007 in the United States on AMC. Upon airing, the episode achieved a 1.4 rating (1.2 million households) according to the Nielsen Media Research. Total viewership was 75 percent higher than all television programming airing on Thursdays on AMC.[18]
Mad Men [...] sets the bar extremely high for the competition, both summer and fall. Presenting the most vivid picture of early '60s social oddities that I can recall [...], Mad Men offers a snapshot of bygone times that is a pure joy to watch, from the incredible costumes and sets to the deliciously claustrophobic depiction of work and domestic life it presents.
Television commentators praised the pilot episode. Heather Havrilesky of Salon declared that "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" raised expectations for future competition at the time, and added that it emulated some of the best episodes of The Sopranos.[19]Chicago Tribune journalist Maureen Ryan said that it was an "intelligently made character drama".[20] In his four star review, Adam Buckman of New York Post described it as "stunning" and suggested that Mad Men "just happens to be the finest new TV series of the summer and possibly the entire year".[21] Tim Goodman of the San Francisco Chronicle and Brian Lowry of Variety lauded the episode for its historical accuracy; "Just because they're on the cusp of a new decade does not mean they can see what viewers already know is around the corner," stated Goodman. "That impending change gives an extra dimension of perspective to the series."[22] Lowry addressed that despite the subtle approach of Mad Men, it managed to provoke a profound meaning. "In that context, the show illustrates that period's own form of excess without wagging fingers, while reminding us that before sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll, there was sexual harassment, free-flowing cocktails and bluesy ballads, invariably sung by white guys."[23]USA Today writer Robert Bianco echoed synonymous sentiment: "Mad Men is a joy to watch—the clothes, the clocks, the furniture, it's like a mid-century night's dream. But this is no mere period piece. It's a smart, complex drama that attempts to get through the facades that have always hidden the truth."[24]
Troy Patterson of Slate drew comparisons to the HBO comedy-drama Sex and the City, and affirmed that it introduced a lewd and cynical perspective of the so-called "golden age" of advertisement.[25] Nancy Franklin of The New Yorker concluded that "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was "smart and tremendously attractive",[26] while Seattle Post-Intelligencer journalist Melanie McFarland felt that it was a rarity compared to other television installments.[27] Writing for the Boston Globe, Matthew Gilbert remarked that the setting and design were immediately distinguishable. Gilbert wrote, "This is a gorgeously fashioned period piece, from its IBM typewriters and rotary phones to the constant fog of cigarette smoke hanging over every scene. The show has a subtle color palette, to match the ivory metal Venetian blinds at the Sterling Cooper ad agency offices, but it may sit in your memory as if it had been filmed in black and white."[28] Citing its authenticity as an episode highlight, Randy Cordova from the Arizona Republic noted that "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" was well-constructed.[29]
Some critics were less enthusiastic than the general consensus. Although The New Republic's Sacha Zimmerman stated that the episode's aesthetic features were comparable to cinematic works, she affirmed that Mad Men lacked any substance, ultimately criticizing the cultural references and the character development presented in the episode.[30]Mad Men seems to be attempting satire without a plan," Zimmerman said. "The mood is serious, not campy, and there aren't laugh-out-loud moments, just a lot of groaners—at which point, the show simply becomes a reflection of its characters: depressing. It turns out that watching moody, cruel men and unsatisfied, put-upon women for an hour just isn't that much fun."[30] Similarly, Tim Shale of The Washington Post concluded that despite the evocative nature of the program, "Smokes Gets in Your Eyes" fell flat; "The people in and around them spoil the show, gum up the works and shatter veracity."[31] To New York's John Leonard, the installment felt like a "fifties leftover".[32]
Commentators praised the performances of several cast members, specifically Hamm's portrayal of Don Draper. Goodman asserted that the acting from the cast members was one of the aspects that carried the show.[22] Gilbert evaluated that Hamm played his character to "slick perfection".[28]
