Slovenj Gradec

Slovenj Gradec
Town
From top, left to right: Panorama of Slovenj Gradec, St. Elisabeth's Parish Church, Carinthian Regional Museum, St. Pancras's Church, Hugo Wolf's house, Rotenturn Manor
Coat of arms of Slovenj Gradec
Coat of arms
Slovenj Gradec is located in Slovenia
Slovenj Gradec
Slovenj Gradec
Location in Slovenia
Coordinates: 46°30′33.69″N 15°4′44.97″E / 46.5093583°N 15.0791583°E / 46.5093583; 15.0791583
Country Slovenia
Traditional regionStyria
Statistical regionCarinthia
MunicipalitySlovenj Gradec
Area
[1]
 • Total5.60 km2 (2.16 sq mi)
Elevation
413 m (1,355 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total7,249
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
Postal code
2380
ClimateDfb
Licence plateSG
Websitewww.slovenjgradec.si

Slovenj Gradec (pronounced [slɔˈʋeːŋ ˈɡɾaːdəts] ⓘ; German: Windischgrätz, after about 1900 Windischgraz) is a town in northern Slovenia. It is the centre of the Urban Municipality of Slovenj Gradec. It is part of the historical Styria region, and since 2005 it has belonged to the NUTS-3 Carinthia Statistical Region. It is located in the Mislinja Valley at the eastern end of the Karawanks mountain range, about 45 km (28 mi) west of Maribor and 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Ljubljana.

History

Gradec, Slovene for 'little castle', was first mentioned in a 1091 deed, then part of the Imperial March of Styria. The prefix Windisch (the traditional German name for Slavs in general and Slovenes in particular) was added to distinguish it from the city Graz (whose name has the same etymology). The modern Slovene name, Slovenj Gradec (literally: the Slovene Graz), derives from this German denomination. From 1180 until 1918, Slovenj Gradec belonged to the Duchy of Styria, since 1804 a crown land of the Austrian Empire. It was the ancestral seat of the Windisch-Graetz noble family first documented in 1220.[2] Upon the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918, with the rest of Lower Styria, it was included in the newly established Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Birthplace of Hugo Wolf

Until 1918, the town was a German-speaking island in a Slovene-speaking area. In the 1880 census, the town was 75 percent German-speaking and 25 percent Slovene-speaking.[3] Many inhabitants, like the family of the composer Hugo Wolf, were of mixed ethnic origin. After the end of World War I, many of the local German-speaking inhabitants emigrated to Austria. Those who remained were gradually assimilated into the now Slovene-speaking majority. During World War Two, the town was occupied by the Nazis and annexed to the Third Reich. The local Slovenes were submitted to a policy of violent Germanization and many died of various persecutions. The partisan insurgency developed in the area, especially in the hills to the east of the town. After World War II, the remaining ethnic Germans were expelled from Yugoslavia, and Slovenj Gradec lost its traditional presence of German speakers.

From the 1950s onward, the town experienced a rapid industrialization and eventually became the unofficial economic and political center for Slovenian Carinthia. In 1994, it became one of the 11 municipalities in Slovenia with the status of Urban Municipality.

Climate

Climate data for Slovenj Gradec (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		23.0
(73.4) 		27.3
(81.1) 		31.6
(88.9) 		34.8
(94.6) 		35.5
(95.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		38.2
(100.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2) 		6.1
(43.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		20.4
(68.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		2.7
(36.9) 		14.9
(58.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.5
(40.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.5
(65.3) 		13.8
(56.8) 		9.2
(48.6) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		9.0
(48.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.7
(21.7) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		4.0
(39.2)
Record low °C (°F) −27.2
(−17.0) 		−26.5
(−15.7) 		−24.7
(−12.5) 		−11.0
(12.2) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		2.2
(36.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−19.0
(−2.2) 		−23.2
(−9.8) 		−27.2
(−17.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41
(1.6) 		49
(1.9) 		59
(2.3) 		72
(2.8) 		99
(3.9) 		130
(5.1) 		136
(5.4) 		127
(5.0) 		132
(5.2) 		105
(4.1) 		98
(3.9) 		67
(2.6) 		1,116
(43.9)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 10
(3.9) 		11
(4.3) 		4
(1.6) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		5
(2.0) 		2.6
(1.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9 8 10 12 14 14 14 13 12 11 12 10 140
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 20 16 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 14 64
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) 74 61 56 53 52 54 53 54 58 65 73 79 61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 84.3 110.0 153.6 183.1 215.4 233.1 257.5 242.1 169.8 131.8 73.6 65.8 1,920.1
Source 1: Slovenian Environment Agency (humidity and snow 1981–2010)[4][5]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1991–2020)[6]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19481,931—    
19532,231+15.5%
19612,925+31.1%
19714,195+43.4%
19815,782+37.8%
19916,720+16.2%
20027,712+14.8%
20117,519−2.5%
20217,267−3.4%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Main sights

The parish church in the town is dedicated to Saint Elizabeth of Hungary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was first mentioned in written documents from 1235. Next to it stands a Gothic chapel dedicated to the Holy Spirit with frescos dating to the mid-15th century.[7]

In 1994, an archaeological excavation uncovered the remains of what is believed to be the oldest church in Styria, dating to the Carolingian period (second half of the 9th century).[8]

The Slovenj Gradec Art Gallery (Slovene: Koroška galerija likovne umetnosti) was founded in 1957[9] and is located on the first floor of the old town hall in the town centre. The gallery hosted international fine art exhibitions under the sponsorship of the United Nations in 1966, 1975, 1979, 1985, and 1991. The 1997 exhibition "The Artist and Urban Environment" displayed art activity in Peace Messenger Cities from all over the world. In 2012, Slovenj Gradec and Ptuj were partners with Maribor, the European Capital of Culture. As a result, the gallery presented further exhibitions that attracted Europe-wide attention.[10]

Notable residents

Notable people that were born or lived in Slovenj Gradec include:

International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia

Twin towns — Sister cities

Slovenj Gradec is twinned with:

Charter of cultural cooperation was signed with Bardejov, Slovakia.

International Association of Peace Messenger Cities

Since 1989, Slovenj Gradec was one of the most active and progressive cities within The International Association of Peace Messenger Cities, being a member of its executive board since 1997 and secretary-general of this organization in periods 2007–2010, 2010–2013, 2013–2016, and 2016–2019.

References

  1. ^ a b "Naselje Slovenj Gradec". Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  2. ^ Der Große Brockhaus, Leipzig 1935, vol. 20, p. 359
  3. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon, 5th ed., Leipzig-Vienna 1897, vol. 17, p. 794
  4. ^ "Šmartno pri Slovenj Gradcu Podnebne statistike 1950-2020" (in Slovenian). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  5. ^ "Šmartno pri Slovenj Gradcu Climate Normals 1981-2010" (PDF). Slovenian Environmental Agency. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Slovenj Gradec Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  7. ^ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference numbers ešd 658 & 659
  8. ^ Mira Strmčnik, Sveti Jurij, zakladnica podatkov, Izvršni svet Skupščine občine Slovenj Gradec, 1994
  9. ^ Bojana Piškur; Đorđe Balmazović (2023). "Non-Aligned Cross-Cultural Pollination: A Short Graphic Novel". In Paul Stubbs (ed.). Socialist Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Imaginaries. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 156–175. ISBN 9780228014652.
  10. ^ Koroška galerija likovne umetnosti
  11. ^ "Hugo Wolf: Rojstna hiša". Hugo Wolf 160. Ljubljana: Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Slovenije. Retrieved October 19, 2020.